Discrepancies between measurements on different tracks may exist at the intersection because airborne gravity data are unavoidably affected by different kinds of error source 由于受到各种误差源的干扰和影响，造成了交叉点上重力观测值不相同，即存在交叉点重力观测值不符值。
Since ehmm can keep the states unchanged for a given range of the change of observation vector , the algorithm can effectively resist the impact of the shifting ii 由于2dehmm模型在观测值发生一定范围变化时仍能够保持状态不变，因此该算法对人脸基准点定位误差具有很好的适应能力。
In normal algorithms , the measurements are modeled as the true values plus independent gaussian errors , which is not according with the ture condition in ecm 在常规算法中，对雷达的观测值通常是目标位置的真实值加上独立的高斯白噪声，在ecm下，这种观测模型是不符合实际情况的。
The result shows that not only to large cycle slip but also to small cycle slip , can be precisely detected in each frequency at single epoch 结果证明，不管对大周跳还是小周跳，该方法均能在单历元间准确地探测出各个频率上发生的周跳，较之双频组合观测值的探测方法具有更大的优越性。
In this paper , the linear combination observations ( - 3 1 + 4 2 ) and ( 1 - 2 ) are used as transition , thus this is fulfilled successfully 该方法的关键是基线向量的初始值的误差必须足够小（例如小于0 . 33周） ，利用线性组合观测值( - 3 1 + 4 2 )和( 1 - 2 )作为中间过渡，能满足这一要求。
A reasonable method to adjust observed coordinate value is put forward for total powerstation traverse in this paper . its validity and feasibility are proved by example 本文依据误差理论，针对全站仪导线提出了一种合理的对其坐标观测值进行平差的方法，并用算例验证了该方法的正确性与可行性。
Abstract : the paper gives a calculation method of nonlinear least square adjustment for different types of observation value , which reduces the dimensions of a big equation based on bfgs method 文摘:该文针对不同类型观测值的非线性最小二乘平差，介绍一种将问题分离后再解算的基于变尺度法的解析方法。
Important questions in science and industry are how and under what conditions observations may contribute to a rational decision to change or not to change a process to accomplish improvement 在科学与工业方面的重要问题是如何以及在何种条件下，观测值会对是否改变过程以达成改进所做的理性决策有所贡献。
When the survey data sampled by multiple sensors are adopted to estimate the parameter under the interference of measurement noise , the multisensor data fusion demands timeliness and spatiality 摘要当采用分布在不同空间位置上的多传感器观测值对测量噪声干扰下的参数进行融合估计时，数据融合存在时间性与空间性。
An improved positioning method of piecewise code smoothing is introduced , which freezes the weighting factor in the process of computation to keep the weight of current observations 提出了改进的相位平滑伪距定位方法，整个平滑过程是分段进行的，而且当平滑进行到一定程度时，将加权因子冻结，以保持当前观测值的权重。
