The simplified mathematical model of the prosthetic socket / residual limb system has been developed to analysis the stress on the residual limb . with this model it is analyzed the calculation method of the pre - pressure , average pressure and shear stress . it is discussed the support action of friction in stress distribution of the residual limb with an actual example 建立接受腔残肢系统的简化数学模型，应用该模型分析了残肢上预应力、正应力、剪应力等的理论计算方法，应用实例探讨了摩擦力在接受腔残肢界面受力分布中发挥的重要作用。
The longitudinal stresses in the tunnel structure calculated by using the model of tamura & okamoto are obviously greater than the stresses in transverse direction obtained by using two dimensional finite element analysis . it is proposed that the axial and bending stresses should not be ignored for the underground structural design 计算结果表明，由弹簧质量模型算得的地下结构在地震作用下纵向振动和横向振动产生的纵向和弯曲正应力及剪应力明显高于由二维平面有限元算得的横向平面内产生的正应力和剪应力，由此可见轴向应力和弯曲应力是地下结构抗震设计中不容忽视的因素。
In this paper , three - tower building with name of oriental tunes square in xiamen is analyzed by the international current program sap2000 , considering seismic action in two directions . by structural modeling and calculation , the characteristic of vibration of the multi - tower structure is analyzed , the influences of the rigid ratio of the enlarged base to top tower and translation - torsion coupled effects among several towers are investigated , the inter - story displacement , displacement of the top tower and deformation of tower ' s base floor in x and y major orientation under earthquake action are contrasted with those under wind load . at last , the distributing characteristics of stress of transfer plate and of the normal , shearing stress of mostly vertical elements under earthquake action are studied 本文以具有3个塔楼的厦门东方时代广场为分析对象，采用国际通用有限元分析软件sap2000进行结构建模和分析，考虑双向地震动输入，研究结构的振动特性，分析底盘与塔楼刚度比对结构的影响以及多塔之间的扭转效应和平扭耦联作用，对比风荷载和地震作用下塔楼在两个结构主轴方向的层间位移、顶点位移以及塔楼底层的变形，分析地震作用下转换层楼板的应力分布特点及主要竖向构件的正应力和剪应力分布特点。
The results show that in the later stage of the nucleation process , the maximum slip velocity is monotonically accelerating ; the slipping hot spot ( where the slip rate is maximum ) migrates spontaneously from a certain instant , and such migration is spatially continuous ; when the maximum velocity reaches a detectable order of magnitude ( at least one order of magnitude greater than the loading rate ) , the remaining time is 20 hours or more , and the temporal variation of slip velocity beyond this point may be used as a precursory indicator ; the average slip velocity is related to the remaining time by a log - log linear relation , which means that a similar relation between rate of microseismicity and remaining time may also exist ; when normal stress variation is taken into account , time scale of such processes can be extended by about 2 times 结果表明，在成核的后期阶段：最大位移速率单调加速增加；滑动热点（最大滑动速率处）在后期阶段开始自发性迁移，且在空间上连续；当最大滑动速率达到可以明显探测的量级时（高于载入速率一个数量级以上） ，倒计时间为20小时或更长一些，这时的速率变化可作为临震预测标志；平均滑动速率与倒计时间的关系在临震阶段呈对数线性趋势，由此可推测微震活动增长率与倒计时间同样存在对数线性关系；正应力的变化对上述时间尺度有延长作用，使之大致增加到原数值的2倍。
Restoring force vector in dynamic equation and restoring force model of vertical - line and coupling beam are probed . for vertical - line restoring force model , the influence of stress are considered , which make deformation and stiffness of the model rational , coupling beam restoring force model may accurately imitated real conditions of scoupling beam . dztsd is developed by matlab , which is a program of elasoplastic time - history analysis in tall short - leg shear wall building 分析确定了短肢剪力墙弹塑性动力分析模型中拉压杆的轴向恢复力模型和剪切恢复力模型，以及连梁的恢复力模型，对于剪切恢复力模型考虑了正应力大小对剪切刚度的影响，从而使模型的变形及刚度取值更符合实际情况，连梁的恢复力模型采用考虑刚度退化的三折线型，可以较准确地模拟连梁的工作状况。
Secondly author calculates and analyses normal stress and shear stress of the girder for a assembling post - tensioned concrete skew girder bridge with a span of 40 m due to the actions of the dead load , temperature changes , shrinkage and creep of concrete and live loads , and calculates and analyses normal stress and shear stress of diaphragms due to the actions of the subordinate phase dead load , temperature changes , shrinkage and creep of concrete and live loads 其次重点对跨径为40m标准设计的装配式后张预应力混凝土斜梁桥在恒载、温度变化、混凝土收缩和徐变、活载作用下主梁的正应力、竖向变形和恒载、活载作用下主梁的剪应力进行计算分析。计算分析横隔板在二期恒载、温度变化、混凝土收缩、活载作用下的正应力、剪应力。
This paper mainly introduces technologies of bending carbon fiber reinforced plastic ( cfrp ) plates or fabrics to the web of reinforced concrete members , and also this paper discusses the design principles of carbon fiber reinforced plastic ( cfrp ) used in the reinforced concrete members , as well as considering the preload effect to the bending capacity of the reinforced concrete members . finally , a kind of new practical method is put forward , and may be a reference for practical engineering designer . in the meantime , this paper analyzes the " local failure " caused by shear and normal stress concentrations at the plate ends that can easily incorporated into design equations . furthermore , the bonding and anchoring conformation of concrete members strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced plastics also be set forth 本文重点研究碳纤维制成织物片材粘贴到混凝土表面用于结构的补强与加固的技术特点，从理论上探讨cfrp加固混凝土结构的设计原理，分析二次受力对加固结构的弯矩承载力的影响；同时对外贴碳纤维加固混凝土的抗弯和抗剪提供一种简单、实用的设计方法，供工程设计人员参考，对碳纤维布加固混凝土梁中出现剥离破坏也进行了分析，提供了最大剥离正应力的计算公式，以及对外贴cfrp加固结构构件的粘贴构造与锚固进行了阐述。
The mechanisms summarized are as follows 1 ) compressional normal stress ; 2 ) ductile and / or viscous deformation in bedding fault since incompetent bed is susceptible to plastic flow ; 3 ) higher likelihood of clay / shale smearing ; 4 ) foliation fabric whose sealing capacity is enhanced greatly in direction perpendicular to foliation 其机理可归纳为四个方面： 1 )压性的正应力； 2 )以韧性及粘性变形为主，因为非能干岩层易塑性流变； 3 )涂抹效应强； 4 )面理化组构，垂直面理方向的封闭能力大大增强。
In this paper , based on the analysis of the rlem of theory foundation , computing method , preference , applicability , etc , we anatomized the rlem of three self - deficiencies and six scarcities . moreover , we adopted the parallel ways of contrasting the rlem with the fem and applied it to analyzing the impact of slide block of elasticity and plasticity , slip surface of coefficient and slip bed of elasticity , plasticity upon the stability of slope and in the plain linearity slope , the plain refracted line slope and the plain arc slope . in addition , we discussed the warp of between the lem of ( sarma , janbu , order , bishop , morgenstera - price , etc ) and the fem of result and the distributing of positive stress and shear stress on the slip surface 本文从剖析刚体极限平衡法的理论基础、计算方法、参数选取、适用条件等方面入手，剖析了刚体极限平衡方法的3点自身缺陷和6点不足，并在此基础上采用了刚体极限平衡法(平面滑动破坏法、 sarma法、传递系数法、普遍条分法、 janbu法、 bishop法、 morgenstern - price法)与大型有限元法对比研究的方法，分析研究了平面直线型滑坡、平面折线型滑坡、平面圆弧型滑坡在渐进破坏中边坡的滑体弹塑性参数、滑面塑性参数) 、滑床的弹塑性、以及极限平衡法无法考虑开挖应力释放等因素对边坡稳定性的影响与滑动面上的正应力、剪应力分布规律、安全系数的解答的差异。
At first , ploygon aggregate structure of concrete is randomly generated in two - dimensional plane with monte carlo method on the meso - level . then , the growth process of a crack of concrete 3 - point bending beam specimen is analyzed by fem , according to the criterion of maximum circumferential tensile stress . and the path of crack to spread in mortar , aggregate and interfaces of them is gained by the ultimate fracture criteria in construction standard that the width of crack should not be more than 0 . 2mm 首先，在细观层次上，根据蒙特卡罗随机抽样原理，在二维平面上建立了混凝土多边形随机骨料结构模型，然后采用有限元计算方法，根据最大周向正应力准则，对三点弯曲梁构件进行了开裂过程的模拟，并以建筑规范中构件裂缝小于0 . 2mm的要求为最终破坏标准，得出了裂纹在基质、骨料及界面的扩展路径。
