Article 45 the provisions of article 44 of this code shall not prejudice the increase of duties and obligations by the carrier besides those set out in this chapter 第四十五条本法第四十四条的规定不影响承运人在本章规定的承运人责任和义务之外，增加其责任和义务。
Integrated transit liability policy integrated transit liability policy is the combination of different kinds of liability insurance for forwarders nvocc 承运人责任保险集多种责任保险于一身，能够根据被保险人无船承运人运输活动中涉及的常见风险提供量体裁衣般的保障。
I sketch out the trend of the responsibility evolution that is from light to heavy , and summarize the advantage and disadvantage of each kind of the period of responsibility 通过这部分的论述，从理论上对这一责任进行界定，展现承运人责任由轻到重的发展趋势，分析不同责任期间规定的利弊。
This dissertation is planned to compare and discuss the systems relating to carrier ' s liability in the cmi ' s draft outline instrument in order to research the intentions of the regulations and grasp the international unification trend of carriage of goods by sea 本文拟对cmi起草的海上货物运输法建议稿中与承运人责任相关的制度，以比较研究的方法作一探讨，以探究其规定的内涵，把握当今海上货物运输法的国际统一趋势。
The second section introduces the definition relating to carrier ' s liability including contract of carriage , e - commerce , transport document and shipper etc . the draft outline instrument extends the contract of carriage to the multimodal transport and stipulates the limited network system 第二节介绍了与承运人责任相关的定义。包括运输合同、电子商务、运输单证以及托运人等。建议稿将运输合同扩展至多式联运，并规定了有限制的网状责任制。
Article 130 any provision tending to relieve the carrier of the liability prescribed by this law or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this law shall be null and void , but the nullity of any such provision shall not involve the nullity of the whole contract of transport by air 第一百三十条任何旨在免除本法规定的承运人责任或者降低本法规定的赔偿责任限额的条款，均属无效；但是，此种条款的无效，不影响整个航空运输合同的效力。
From the point of the roles of both the active and negative aspects of the objective rational , this article adopts the theory of law positivism and the method of law economy analysis to discuss the roles and limitation of the meaning of the intention components of causality and the ultimate aim of the objective rational , and the internal economy principles or rules of the shipping economy and trade deduced from the shipping facts and the benthamism , the most avail of the most majority nations , the maximum of the whole avail of both the ship interests and the cargo interests , and the protection and promotion of the development of the shipping economy in the legislation area of the basis of liability of the carriers 摘要从目的理性在消极方面和积极方面作用角度出发，运用法律实证主义理论和法律经济分析方法，论述了因果方面的目的成分的意义、目的理性的终极目的，以及从航运事实和功利主义所引出的航运经济与贸易内在经济法则或规律，最大多数国家的最大效用、船货双方整体效用最大化与促进保护航运经济发展，在承运人责任基础立法领域中的作用与局限性。
Chapter three mainly formulates different adjustments on the duties of carrier by the " law on contract " and the " maritime law " , inquires in the rights and obligations of the carrier in ten sections , analyzes the benefits of each party in marine goods transportation contract , raises out attentions to the carrier when the carrier achieves its own rights and performs its own obligations and the conflicts on the application of the two laws , as well as gives answers to the issues of legal application through balancing the two laws 第三章重点论述了《合同法》和《海商法》对有关承运人责任的不同调整，分十节探讨了承运人的权利和义务，分析了海上货物运输合同各方的利益，提出了承运人在实现自己权利和履行自己义务时应注意的事项，以及两法在此问题适用上的冲突，并通过对两法的平衡，作出了对法律适用问题的解答。
The article 308 of the contract law is kind of simple . i think that we should so amend it in the cmc as to define duration of right , the parties with such right or duty and so on . it is our conclusion that under the new circumstances , some definitions must be amended , while the liability basis is reasonable 通过对海商法理论基础和各国立法趋向的分析，我认为传统的承运人责任基础在我国的实际情况下有其存在的理论、实践依据和意义，目前我们不妨景保留原核心内容，同时，在兼顾国际大背景的基础上做出一定的变动。
The third chapter including four part expounding the relation between delivery cargo without presentation b / l dissension and trade contract . lt is a legal duty of carrier to delivery cargo against presentation b / l . the first part analyses the cause of delivery cargo without presentation b / l and delivery cargo without presentation b / l dissension ; the second part discusses how risk carrier will be suffered at delivery goods without presentation b / l ; the third part simply review the attitude of our national justice practice to delivery goods without presentation b / l dissension ; the fourthly part generalize several kinds of the carrier not take responsibility on basis of learning theory and national inside and outside prejudication , incorporation trade factor 凭正本提单交货是承运人的一项法另义务，第一部分分析了无单放货的原因及无单放货纠纷产生的原因；第二部分论述了承运人在无单放货中所承担的风险；第三部分简单回顾我国司法实践对无单放货纠纷案件中承运人责任所持态度的演变；第四部分从学术理论到国内外判例，结合贸易因素，概括了承运人不承担无单放货责任的几种情形。
