作用荷载的英文

• applied load
• imposed load = live load

• "作用"英文翻译    act on; affect
• "荷载"英文翻译    load
• "直接作用荷载" 英文翻译 :    direct acting load
• "备用荷载" 英文翻译 :    stand-by load
• "常用荷载" 英文翻译 :    conventional loading; conventional number; conventionalloading
• "可用荷载" 英文翻译 :    disposal load
• "使用荷载" 英文翻译 :    accepted load; occupancy load; service load; serviceload
• "习用荷载" 英文翻译 :    conventional loading
• "许用荷载" 英文翻译 :    safe allowable load; safe load; safe working load; swl; working load
• "资用荷载" 英文翻译 :    work load; working load
• "容许使用荷载" 英文翻译 :    permissible working load
• "使用荷载；施工荷载；工作荷载" 英文翻译 :    working load
• "超荷载作用" 英文翻译 :    effect of surcharge
• "荷载作用点" 英文翻译 :    load point; point of load application
• "荷载作用时间" 英文翻译 :    duration of load
• "荷载" 英文翻译 :    load◇荷载电抗 load reactance; 荷载率 load rate; 荷载曲线 load curve; 荷载图 load diagram; 荷载系数 load factor
• "公用荷兰语" 英文翻译 :    afrikaans
• "半荷载" 英文翻译 :    half load; half-load
• "边荷载" 英文翻译 :    side load
• "变荷载" 英文翻译 :    variable load
• "冰荷载" 英文翻译 :    ice loading
• "超荷载" 英文翻译 :    excess load
• "次荷载" 英文翻译 :    subordinate load
• "单荷载" 英文翻译 :    single load
• "点荷载" 英文翻译 :    point loading

• In the research and study of the structural responses analysis and structural optimization , the stochastic factors of the structural physical parameters ( such as the young ? modulus and structural dimensions ) and the load applied on structures are all considered
  以杆系结构（桁架、刚架）为对象，进行了结构分析，其中分别或同时考虑了结构材料的物理参数、构件的几何尺寸和作用荷载幅值等的随机性。
• Because of the difference of shape character and function between arch dam and gravity dam , the effect of loads , such as seepage pressure and gravity in arch dam , is smaller than that in gravity dam , but , the thermal load and dam contraction are turned into main loads
  由于拱坝的体形特点和工作原理与重力坝不同，所以在拱坝中渗透压力与重力等作用荷载的影响要比在重力坝中小，而温度荷载及坝体混凝土收缩则上升为主要荷载。
• This paper mainly deals with the subjects below : the problem on fem analysis , general reliability analysis and calculation , and optimization based on the general reliability of the random or fuzzy parameters structure ; and also brings forward a method for getting the fuzzy answers from the fem equation by taking the fuzzy multiplier from a fuzzy variable ; in the fem analysis and structural reliability optimization , the randomcity and fuzziness of the structural physical parameters and the load applied on the structures are all considered
  文中对随机和模糊参数结构在不确定性荷载作用下的结构有限元分析、可靠性分析和基于可靠性的优化设计等问题进行了研究。以杆系结构为对象，提出结构分析的模糊因子方法，其中分别或同时考虑了结构材料的物理参数、构件的几何尺寸和作用荷载幅值等的随机性和模糊性；对结构响应（位移、应力）为模糊变量时的广义可靠度进行了推导。
• The further research in port engineering pile foundation is considered to be important of such as behavior and bearing capacity of laterally loaded single piles and pile groups , and the functional mode of wharf foundation pile under flood tide torrent , and load - deflection curve , and negative skin friction along the pile , et al . the bearing capacity and the negative skin friction of port engineering piles are analyzed , to satisfy port engineering development demand better
  在港口桩基工程领域，港口工程水平承载(群)桩的工作性状以及承载力计算方法，涨潮急流等动态荷载作用条件下码头基桩的受力性状，桩的作用荷载与变位趋势关系、桩的负摩擦等问题都要求作进一步的研究。本文致力于以港口工程桩基为主要研究对象，对港口工程(群)桩基水平承载力和负摩擦力进行研究，以更好地满足港口工程建设需要。
• This paper , in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area , puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide , and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide . on the one hand , the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand , the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt , both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area , this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters . thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ) , rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ) , with 175m water level in the reservoir , during the earthquake , with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on , and produces
  本文针对长江三峡库区特殊的地质环境与工程实际情况，在充分考虑水对库岸滑体稳定性影响的前提下，提出了一个适用于长江三峡库岸滑坡体稳定性分析的综合分析评价体系，并取得了如下几个方面具有工程实际意义和一定科学研究价值的研究成果： ( 1 )研究结果发现，水的活动是新滑坡形成或古滑坡复活的主要因素，一方面是由于地下水位升高降低了滑坡体的有效应力，另一方面是由于地下水的长期浸泡降低滑体及滑带的力学强度，这两方面的因素均将直接降低滑坡的稳定性； ( 2 )针对三峡库区的特殊条件，系统分析了作用于三峡库区滑坡体上的力系和库水位在175m与145m间变化时滑体条块的受力变化，从而使对作用于滑坡体上的力系分析更科学、更全面； ( 3 )通过对滑体处于旱季(天然状态) 、雨季(暴雨或长期降雨状态) 、 175m库水位、地震以及库水位由175m调节下降至145m等各种不同情况的有机组合，本文系统地归纳总结出了10种典型计算工况，并具体给出了相应的作用荷载的计算方法，使在库区岸坡滑体稳定性分析评价时对计算工况选择及其作用荷载的计算更具规范性； ( 4 )具体运用c + + builder开发了关于滑坡体稳定性综合分析评价系统，使对滑坡体稳定性分析计算更方便、更准确； ( 5 )将上述滑坡体稳定性综合分析评价系统应用于重庆市丰都县名山滑坡稳定性分析的具体事例中，分析结果表明，本文所提出滑坡体稳定性综合分析评价方法对三峡库区的滑坡稳定性分析是实用可行的。
• Bridge , as a crucial conjunction and controlling place of road , is influenced complicatedly by many factors , for example , design normal , fixed number of year in use , material , environment , quality of maintainence , traffic , load and accident , etc . so , the construction of bridge will be changed and its capacity of bearing the weight will drop down gradually . in addition , bridge ' s erosion , aging , and damage , all these factors bring about hidden troubles for bridge ' s use
  桥梁作为道路交通的关键结合部与控制部位，它受到设计标准、使用年限、工程材料、外部环境、养护质量、交通量、作用荷载、偶然事故等因素错综复杂的交互影响，必然会使桥梁结构内部产生变异性，导致承载力逐渐降低，再加上桥梁的腐蚀、老化、疲劳、破损，给桥梁的正常使用埋下了隐患。
• Bridge construction is undergoing the developmental stage from simple form and short span to complex structures and large span structures , with the development of civilization science and economy , the new technology , new material and new craft are applying , and the research of the load bearing on the bridge is going deeply , which urge us speeding up the research of bridge mechanics question and promote the development of bridge mechanics
  随着文化、科学和经济的不断发展，桥梁建设经历了从小跨度、形式简单到大跨度、结构复杂的发展阶段。随着新技术、新材料、新工艺的不断应用，以及桥梁上作用荷载研究的不断深入，也促使人们加紧了桥梁力学问题的研究，推动了桥梁力学的发展：反过来，桥梁力学的研究成果也使桥梁的设计、施工及管理水平得到了进一步的提高。