People used to place total reliance on the government . the so - called & quot; iron rice bowl & quot; prevailed in the past , but things are quite different today 过去，人们习惯完全依靠政府。以前盛行所谓的“铁饭碗” ，但今天的情况有很大的不同。
Such safety measures become all the more urgent as china ' s iron rice bowl ( i . e . , the social security package provided by one ' s work unit ) fades away 当中国不再实行“铁饭碗”制度（也就是不再由单位提供个人的各种社会福利）时，这种安全措施就显得尤为重要。
Many workers feel betrayed and voice such angst as “ we dedicated our youth to the party , but we are not provided for when we qre old 在改革开放前，大陆城镇职工一度引以为傲的大锅饭、铁饭碗，未料改革开放后居然三十年风水轮流转成为工人心中最大的痛。
By contrast , employees in senior positions , retirees and those with good job security often report being happy . one explanation : they have greater control over their daily lives 相比之下，身居高位者、退休人士以及那些端着铁饭碗的人，他们大都过得十分幸福。对此有一种解释，那就是他们对自己的日常生活有着较好的掌控能力。
The aim is to remove the " iron - rice bowl " in the enterprise and to rebuild the system of distribution according to work and to realize the value of personal resource in a real way and set up scientific management idea which can base everything on people 其目的是在该企业内部打破“铁饭碗” ，重新建立起“按劳分配”的制度，切实体现人力资源的价值，使企业内部能够真正建立起“以人为本”的科学管理理念。
Geoff whitty from the teachers " college in london university held in an international comparison research that at least half of the teachers in many countries believed that their educational reform had affected their sense of content to their work 因为他们还只是把教师看作是养家糊口的职业，而改革往往会使他们感到紧张，甚至有丢掉“铁饭碗”的可能。所以，关于“教师是职业、专业、事业”的选择中，选择是“专业”的人寥寥无几。
Courageous chinese leaders challenged entrenched economic privilege divorced from productivity , state - owned enterprises that turned out products that no one bought year after year , and lifetime employment at the expense of a stronger , healthier , more prosperous china . what wto accession means for china china s system could not survive the earlier era of globalization . that china was backward - looking , and did not serve the needs of its people 以上这些原则，大部份似乎都得到中国改革者的赞同。所以在三中全会以后的改革过程中，中国决定打破“铁饭碗” 。勇敢的中国领导人向脱离生产力并受到层层保护的经济特权，向产品连年无人问津的国有企业，向使中国无法更加强大、健康和繁荣的终身雇佣制发起了挑战。
Job insecurity was especially hard on the well - being of black workers , the study found . black workers who felt constantly insecure about their jobs were nearly three times as likely as insecure whites and more than four times as likely as secure whites to report very high levels of depressive symptoms 那些经常感到工作没有保障的黑人员工出现较强抑郁症状的可能性是怀有同样担忧的白人的将近3倍，而与认为自己端着“铁饭碗”的白人相比，这一数字则达到了超过4倍的水平。
Under the state - owned system for years , the enterprise lacks the advanced human resources management and the evaluation system , and with the special monopoly nature of tobacco trade , the idea of “ the secured job ” and the thought of “ the inertia ” are ingrained in the enterprise 在烟草行业特殊的垄断性质及多年的国有体制下, “铁饭碗”观念和“惰性”思想在企业根深蒂固。同时现有激励机制没有将企业的目标与员工的真正需求有效结合,这些都严重影响了员工的积极性,制约了企业的发展。
