Nonlinear characteristic of pile material can not be reflected well by the beam element , and bending deformation of pile can not be reflected by the standard solid element , so the eas - element are recommended . the calculation results also prove that the eas element is appropriate for modeling pile 鉴于梁单元不能较好反映桩体材料的非线性特性，而常规等参单元不能较好地反映桩体的弯曲变形等缺点，引入了强化假定应变等参单元，并通过算例验证了该单元描述桩的合理性。
Now , it is important to develop the composite blade researching , two measures including analysis methodology and finite methodology are provided . in this text , the finite rotation composite beam theory developed by hodges and his co - workers , during the late 1980 ' s , is adopted in order to research rotor of helicopter . a liner and two - dimension finite analytic measure is used to calculate the section characteristic and strain of the blade ; a semianalysis methodology is used to calculate the sensitive degree of section characteristic 以giavotto的线性二维有限元分析模型为基础考虑了复合材料桨叶的结构和变形特点，计入了剖面翘曲的影响，在此基础上编制了具有八节点等参元复合材料桨叶剖面刚度计算的有限元程序，分析计算了复合材料梁的剖面刚度、弯曲中心、剪切中心；并利用半解析法进行剖面刚度、剪切中心、弯曲中心的参数灵敏度分析。
In this paper the introduction of the use cohesive element in concrete structure is given , and a kind of 2 - d isoperimetric cohesive element is deduced . the fracture process of concrete notch beam is calculated by fortran programming . the result shows that the method is feasible 本文主要对内聚模型在混凝土断裂数值模拟中的应用做了一些讨论，并推导出了一种简单的二维六结点等参内聚单元，并用fortran语言编写了含有内聚单元的有限元程序对混凝土切口梁的断裂过程进行了计算。
( 3 ) according to the practical situation that the plates of mat or pile ? at foundation are thicker and thicker , the thick ? late theory and fitful eight joint element are used in this paper . by these means , the unregular plates and plates of which thidkness is not same can be calculated （ 3 ）根据高层建筑片筏和桩筏基础的筏板厚度通常较大的实际情况，本文在筏板的有限元分析中采用了中厚板理论和与之相适应的八节点等参单元，并可用来分析不等厚的筏板和异形筏板。
Firstly , the paper introduces the principle of instituting contact interface element and the format of integral method for element stiffness matrix ; secondly , because of the zero of displacement and load of soil in the infinite boundary , the unique shape of element stiffness matrix is obtained for coupling the three different elements 文中首先阐述了接触元建立的方法以及单元刚度矩阵的积分方法；由于无限远处的土场位移、地震作用力皆为零，计算中对该单元刚度矩阵的形式不同于四节点等参元，文中推导了平行无限元的单元刚度拒阵方，并介绍了无限元单元刚度矩阵组装原理。
Theoretical research based on the quasi - static test such as theoretical analysis in nonlinear finite element method , programs to shape function of isoparametric element of hexahedron with eight nodes and to stiff matrix of elements , application of resilience model in degeneration equation of elastic module of concrete goes along 在试验基础上进行了理论研究，用非线性有限元方法分析框架，编写了六面体八节点等参元形函数、单元刚度矩阵等部分程序，将恢复力模型应用到混凝土弹性模量退化方程中。
In the second part , we investigate the compact submanifolds m with the parallel isoperimetric section in the real space forms rm ( c ) and prove that if there exists a parallel isoperimetric section on m , and the sectional curvature of m is always greater than zero , then m is contained in a hyper - sphere ; and get that the gauss curvature of the compact surfaces m with constant mean curvature in constant curvature space r4 ( c ) is always greater than zero , then m is a totally geodesic surface or a sphere , where an isoperimetric on m means a unit normal vector field defined globally on m with m1 ( ) = constant ( 2 )研究了实空间形式r ~ m ( c )中具有平行等参截面的紧致子流形m ，证明了具有一平行等参截面的子流形m ，如果m的截面曲率恒正，则m包含在r ~ m ( c )的一个超球面内；对于常曲率空间及r ~ 4 ( c )中具有常平均曲率的紧致曲面m ，如果m的高斯曲率处处大于零，则m或为r ~ m ( c )中的全测地曲面或为一球面。这里m上的等参截面是m上整体定义的单位法向量场，使得m关于它的平均曲率m _ 1 ( )是常数。
In this paper , nonlinear behavior of reinforcement concrete combined torsion members subjected to axial compression , bending moment , shear and torsion is analyzed and researched with nonlinear finite element method . concrete has been modeled using eight - node hexahedral isoperimetric element and reinforcement element are divided into two cases . longitudinal reinforcement has been modeled with discrete element and stirrup has been modeled with smeared element 在建立钢筋混凝土的有限元模型时，混凝土采用的单元为八节点六面体等参单元，钢筋单元分为两种情况，纵向钢筋采用分离式钢筋单元，箍筋采用埋藏式钢筋单元，即箍筋作为附着在混凝土等参数单元内或单元上的“膜单元” 。
Many researches have been done with the simulation model . it was found that some structure parameters such as the diameter of the driving piston , the diameter of the buffer piston , the stiffness of the valve spring , the compress ratio of the buffer piston , and the flux area of the solenoid valve etc . have great effect on the performance of the haecvvs . for certain performance demand of the variable vale system , there is a most suitable combination for the structure parameters 通过对电控可变气门系统的主要结构参数，如动力活塞直径、缓冲活塞直径、气门弹簧刚度、缓冲活塞实际压缩比、电磁阀通流面积等参中压共轨电控柴油机可变气门系统的研究数对电控可变气门系统启、闭特性的影响规律的研究发现，动力活塞直径、气门弹簧刚度、电磁阀通流面积对电控可变气门系统启、闭性能起着决定性的作用，对于一定的气门启闭规律要求，这些结构参数存在一组最佳值。
