A new four - node axisymmetric element ach8 is derived based on the combined hybrid variational principle , which uses wilson ' s displacements and linear stress suffering from energy compatibility . the resulting element exhibits excellent results in displacements and stresses and is suitable for nearly incompressible materials without any locking phenomena , insensitive to mesh distortion 本文首先基于组合杂交变分原理推导出4节点的轴对称元ach8 ，其位移插值采用wilson非协调位移模式，应力在等参坐标系下采用关于wilson位移完全能量协调的不完全线性多项式。
The model adopts eight - nodes isoparametric quadrilateral element , drucker - prager ideal elastic - plastic stress - strain model and the contact element , which is used to simulate the interface between the wall and soil . accordingly , a flow chart about the arithmetic of contact is introduced in this paper 模型采用八结点等参平面四边形单元、 drucker - prager理想弹塑性本构模型以及用接触面单元模拟了土与围护结构的相互作用，并给出了相应的接触面模拟的接触算法流程。
To this problem , on the basis of the work property and characteristics of the water turbine ' s blade . the finite element mechanics model of blade vibration characteristic is described with the eight - node three - dimensional nonconforming and all parts of blade damp are analysised , the calculating model of blade damp is built , the tackling method of blade damp in calculating of dynamic stress is presented 本文根据水轮机叶片的特点和工作性质，采用空间八结点非协调等参单元描述水轮机叶片运动特性的有限元力学模型，详细分析了水轮机叶片阻尼各组成部分，并建立了叶片阻尼的计算模型，提出了叶片阻尼在动应力计算中的处理方法。
The 16 - node degenerated iso - parametric element is proposed for the analysis of raft foundation with mid - thick plate . the stiffness matrix of single pile among the pile group can be founded assuming the total contact between the plate and the foundation . and the results of stress and deformation of plate , the force on pile and the settlement of pile bottom can be solved after the finite element disperse for the plate and the establishment of balance equation of pile - raft interaction 在引入16节点退化等参元的中厚板筏板分析模型的基础了，假定筏板与地基间完全接触，建立了群桩中单桩桩身刚度矩阵，继而对筏板进行有限元离散得到桩筏共同作用的平衡方程，从而求解筏板内力、挠度、桩顶反力、桩端沉降等一系列结果。
The paper establishes mathematics model of electromagnetic heating system of eddy current field and temperature field , and gives corresponding discrete format with elements as eight nodes , hexahedron equal cell , through calculating eddy - current field to gain the internal heat source that the temperature field needed , to use discrete method to solve the problem of induction - heating part ' s temperature field by axial symmetrical electromagnetic , and then to analyze the characteristic of instantaneous temperature field 本文建立了电磁加热系统的涡流场和温度场间接耦合的数学模型，分析了不同频率下涡流和温度的分布情况，并以八节点六面体等参元为例给出了涡流场对应的离散格式，通过计算涡流场获得温度场所需要的内热源强度，加热部件的温度场以轴对称格式进行离散求解，并对瞬态温度场有限单元法的求解特点进行了分析。
In the beginning of this thesis , types and characteristics of intelligent material elements have been introduced . and the basic equations of piezoelectric material have been given . then according to hamilton principle , both the static and dynamic finite element equations for the intelligent structure are formulated with isoparametric element of bending plate or bending beam 在本论文的开始，简要介绍了智能材料元件的种类和性质，并给出了压电材料的本构方程，然后根据hamilton原理，采用任意等参四边形板梁弯曲单元，导出了智能梁的静态、动态有限元方程；对于复杂几何形状或边界条件的一般结构，根据三维有限元模型，导出三维动态有限元方程。
For having a directly perception to the influence of interaction , the author completes program of calculating huge structure ' s dynamic properties which worked out by fortran language , and employ 3d incompatible isoparametric element figures out the dam properties in the condition of rigid foundation meantime . further the author calculates dynamic displacement of dam in software of matlab , ansys 为了对动力相互作用影响有一个直观的认识，作者完成了fortran语言编制的计算大型结构动力特性程序，并采用三维8结点非协调等参单元分析了坝体在刚性地基情况下的动力特性，并在matlab 、 ansys中计算了坝体的动位移时程曲线。
In this dissertation , the principle of fem in em was discussed , then the pulse radar and three - layered pavements were analyzed with 20 - noded and 4 - noded isoparametric elements respectively . then , corresponding fem programs are compiled in fortran90 . so a forward model was built up to describe the transmitting of electromagnetic in the radar and pavements , according to the system identification method 针对上述情况，本文系统阐述了电磁场有限单元法的基本原理，然后采用二十节点、四节点等参单元分别对pulse雷达实体及三层路面系统进行了静态场和时变场的有限元分析，初步建立了电磁波在三层路面中传播的正演模型，同实测波形相比，模拟效果较好，并用fortran90语言编制了相应的三维、二维有限元程序，具有较好的可读性和可移植性。
Then the concept model of research zone and the isoparametric fe3dgw model for jinan springs zone is presented , and based on datum of 2001 , 2002 , we evaluate groundwater resources by means of numerical method . second , we apply the isoparametric fe3dgw model to evaluating groundwater resources in jinan springs zone , and present and optimize geography and hydrogeology parameters 第二，将三维等参有限元技术运用至济南岩溶地下水资源评价中，离散研究区域，优化渗透系数等水文地质参数，利用2001年和2002年的数据资料进行数值模拟和模型校正，采用多种岩溶地下水开采方案进行预报2010年的岩溶地下水动态。
2 . as for the structural analysis and numerical simulation of a complex problem with high gradient , an idea was proposed , i . e . if the displacement field could be constructed by using both bezier - based function and the mobile middle node ? according to this strategy , a new coupling method , called as bezier - based element method ( bbem , for short ) , was proposed and studied in detail 2 .就具有高梯度问题的复杂结构分析与数值模拟，提出了基于bezier函数来构造带有移动节点的位移场函数的思路，研究并建立了基于bezier函数的移动节点单元法的基本原理，构建了常用的一维和二维bezier耦合单元和等参单元7种。
