As the result , their explanation about the incentive and act of firms is more credible . from the classic paper of areeda and turner ( 1975 ) , scholars designed a lot of test rules 在第二章,集中考察部分国家、地区有关掠夺性定价的立法和司法实践,包括美国法、欧盟法和我国法。
In chapter 1 , i review the relevant theories of predatory pricing , which focus on the following two questions : ( 1 ) should predatory pricing be prohibited by antirust law 在第一章,简单回顾掠夺性定价的相关理论,这些理论集中于两大问题: ( 1 )反垄断法是否应当对掠夺性定价进行规制
It is predatory pricing that help microsoft to hold the monopolization place , and predatory pricing is also one of the perfect methods to establish software industry monopolization 是掠夺性定价让微软获得了软件市场的垄断地位，掠夺性定价也是建立软件行业垄断的最完美的方法之一。
Price discrimination also might be used as a predatory pricing tactic - - setting prices below cost to certain customers - - to harm competition at the supplier ' s level 价格歧视也可能被作为一种掠夺性定价策略来使用， （如对某些特定的消费者索取低于成本的价格）并对供货商层面的竞争造成损害。
In the part of introduction , i briefly introduce the basic theories of competition , the background of predatory pricing issue , the dilemma of the regulation and the realistic value of the study 全文共分六个部分。在导言部分,概要性回顾竞争的基本理论、掠夺性定价的产生背景、在实践中掠夺性定价行为规制的困境以及研究该问题的现实意义。
Through the analysis of this paper , it is demonstrated that the us antidumping law is irrational and trade protectionism in nature , for its underlying theory - the predatory pricing can not be realized either in domestic or international market 分析研究表明，掠夺性定价行为在国内和国际市场环境下均无法切实实施，美国反倾销法具有明显的不合理性和贸易保护主义特征。
As a form of abuse of dominant position , predatory pricing is prohibited by antitrust law . predatory pricing is so similar to normal competition that there is no consensus about whether it should be prohibited or how it should be regulated 掠夺性定价作为滥用市场支配地位的范型之一为反垄断法所规制,由于掠夺性定价行为与正常的价格竞争行为极为相似,就是否应当规制或者应当如何规制问题,均有很大争议。
Abuse acts mainly consists of monopoly pricing , refusals to deal , tie - in sales or tie - in other unreasonable condition , exclusive dealing agreements , etc . thirdly , this text introduces that constructivism and behaviorism are two approaches of anti - monopoly regulation . constructivism regulates concentrating situation in order to control the degree 文章结合各国的立法实践,对滥用市场支配地位的行为的涵义和表现形式进行了分析,主要分析了垄断高价、掠夺性定价、搭售、拒绝交易、歧视待遇和独家交易等行为。
After 1989 , the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan " , the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money " , specifically , those listed companies that could finance from the stock market , began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998 , the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets , overcapacity , the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries , led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income , persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks , which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks 如在改革开放初期，在产品市场需求旺盛和信贷市场预算软约束的情况下，各类企业的最优决策就是采用高负债、高扩张的“负债的有限责任效应”策略来抢占市场并获得高回报； 1989年以后，需求增速开始放缓，面临产品市场产业集中度较低和信贷市场“信贷紧缩-不良贷款”循环陷阱导致的中小企业资金紧张的局面， “钱袋鼓鼓”的优势企业(尤其是那些可以通过股票市场融通资金的上市公司)纷纷采用掠夺性定价策略，试图通过把中小企业挤出市场来扩大市场份额并获得高收益； 1998年以后，产品市场和信贷市场形成了通货紧缩和银行“惜贷”恶性循环的状况。产品市场上部分行业生产能力严重过剩，且由于体制等原因导致亏损企业无法退出，因此这些行业中出现了过度竞争的现象，企业总体收益的不断下滑、负债率不断提高以及银行不良资产率的持续上升，又进一步加强了通货紧缩和银行“惜贷”的恶性循环。
Furthermore , the predator has little chance to earn profit by predatory strategies , because the effect of such strategies can be diminished by the counterstrategies of prey and consumer . post chicago school criticizes the predatory models of chicago school , which are based upon perfect information and symmetrical information . post chicago school holds that predatory strategies are rational on condition that information is asymmetric or the capability of enduring the temporary loss is different 自阿里达和特纳1975年发表的关于掠夺性定价的经典论文开始,经济学者和法律学者从基于各自选择的理论模型、对市场特性的经验推测、法律的可实施性等不同视角,设计出大量的检验规则,形成所谓“以成本为基础的学派” 、 “结构过滤学派” 、 “无规则学派” 、 “博弈论学派”之分,迄今仍未达成共识。
