As a considerably large amount of dna sequences become increasingly available , they are widely used to study phylogeny of species and multigene families , as well as the mechanism of evolution at molecular level 基于相当大量的dna序列的获得，其被广泛地用于物种的系统发生、多基因家族的演化，以及在分子水平上的进化机制的研究。
3 . the mechanism of dna integration mediated by homologous recombination in chloroplast transformation was tentatively explored . we isolated two chloroplast dna fragments from brassica napus and used them as targeting sequence to integr 成功地通过h次转化获得整合并表达多基因的转基因烟草，缩短了研究周期，对相关转基因植物的研究有一定参考价值。
It was well known that studies on evolutions and taxa of species have been more and more fashionable by means of either some encoding and non - encoding genes of cpdna and nrdna or repeat sequences , its , and multiple genes families of nrdna 利用叶绿体基因组、核基因组中的一些编码和非编码基因，以及核基因组中的一些重复序列、基因间隔区和多基因家族等来进行物种演化分类的研究越来越多。
Two test sets were constructed by mapping the newly published 28 , 469 full - length kome rice cdna to the rgp bac clone sequences of oryza sativa ssp . japonica : a single - gene set of 550 sequences and a multi - gene set of 62 sequences with 271 genes 我们把日本kome数据库中的28469个全长cdna同国际水稻基因组计划的粳稻bac序列对比，经过严格选择构建了两个测试数据集合： 550条单基因序列组成ossng550集合，包含271个基因的62条多基因序列组成osmtg62集合。
Heredity modes of 6 traits were studied by analysis of population genetics , by the method of family combination analysis , by the methods of proband ' s sib analysis , segregation analysis , the threshold model of polygenes , and analysis of typical family trees , according to the data of the 72 families . the relative importance between genetic and environmental effect on each character was evaluated by comparing the coherence of twins . gene frequencies of 5 genetic characters , calculated from han group in huhhot , were compared with other groups by u - test so as to study the population or nationality difference in heredity 采用群体遗传学分析、家系组合分析法、先证者同胞法、分离分析法及多基因阈值模式分析方法对所得家系资料进行了统计学分析，结合家系系谱分析探讨了上述6项特征的遗传方式；通过双生子一致率的比较，对上述特征的遗传与环境效应的相对重要性进行了评价；计算了呼和浩特市汉族群体5对遗传性状的基因频率，采用u检验方法与相关文献报道的其他群体进行了比较，探讨了不同种族间或民族间的遗传差异性。
The volatile oil of a . thaliana transferred with mint total dna was analyzed by means of gc - ms . two transgenic plants were measured to contain menthol component in 250 plants of tl generation and one plant in then * 267 progenies , which provided explicit evidence for ion beam - mediated polygenic character transmission between distant species . two conclusions were drawn : one was that multiple genes controlling the same trait could be transformed into the receipt and efficiently expressed , the other was that the transferred new character was hereditary , i . e . , the genes controlling the new character could inherit 用gc - ms分析了离子束介导薄荷全dna转化的拟南芥菜个体的挥发油成分，在250个转化当代植株中有两株被测出含有薄荷醇，在这两株的267个t2代植株中仍有1株被测出含有薄荷醇，该实验为离子束介导外源全dna转化实现物种间多基因复杂性状的转移提供了明确的证据。
Correct clones were selected and plasmid dna was isolated and digested with saci and puvii . a dna fragment of about 2 . 1kb was purified and labeled by dig - 11dutp as probe . at least 40 positive clones were obtained from human genomic library by in situ colony hybridyzation with this probe . among them one clone contains human serum album dna by sequence 以pcr扩增的人血清白蛋白( hsa )基因片段为探针，从人的基因组文库中杂交筛选的阳性克隆中，经测序分析，有一个克隆含有全长hsadna ，用从其它的阳性克隆中选取两种dna片段，即dna修复基因hfen1和一段非编码大片段cit987sk - 384d8 ，与人hsadna一起，进行显微共注射，成功制备了转多基因小鼠。
As a special type of multigene family , rdna undergo concerted evolution by homogenizing forces through processes such as gene conversion , unequal crossing - over . for a long time we assumed strong concerted evolution in rdnas of various animal and plant species and direct pcr - sequence approach has been widely used in molecular systematic research 作为特殊的多基因家族成员， rdna会受均一化力( homogenizingforces )的作用，通过基因转换、不等交换等机制，形成基因的致同进化( concertedevolution ) 。
We transform the profile of snp into ibd profiling and use the mpisc algorithm proposed to extract snp combination with differential ibd distributions among the affected groups of sibpairs . we can generate dummy interaction network of snps based on the mined snp combinations , and further reflect the interactions among genes that are mapped by the snps and construct interaction network of genes 这些snp协作簇不仅可以定位复杂疾病相关多基因,而且反应相关基因的互作关系,可以进一步构建snp虚拟互作网络,进而映射为基因之间的互作关系,最终完成对复杂疾病互作多基因精确定位和基因互作网络构建。
Consequently , in our study we propose a new idea for locating interactive multiple genes and constructing their interactive network responsible to complex disease utilizing single - nucleotide polymorphisms ( snps ) . we demonstrate the properties of this novel approach via an application to the alcoholism data in gaw14 在本文的研究中我们提出了利用单核苷酸多态性( snps )标记对复杂疾病基因作图(定位)及互作网络构建的新方法,并将该方法应用于gaw14发布的酒精中毒数据相关互作多基因定位问题上,取得了良好的效果。
