As the back - propagation neural network ( bpnn ) is adopted to diagnose the dissolved gases of transformer , convergence rate becomes slow , convergence precision becomes bad and even being out of convergence as more sampled data are trained and more complicated relation between input and output becomes 根据电力变压器油中溶解气体分析( dga ) ，采用反向传播神经网络( bpnn )对电力变压器进行故障诊断时，随着学习样本数目的增多，输入输出关系的复杂化，网络收敛的速度将变得缓慢，收敛精度不理想甚至不收敛。
We propose a novel aco algorithm , ant ( ) algorithm , based on the eligibility trace , the algorithm unifies the td method and mc method mathematically , and can make the delayed reinforcement can be back propagated in time . several novel aco algorithms are presented for flowshop scheduling problem 本文还在蚁群算法中引入强化学习的资格迹理论并提出了一个新颖的基于资格迹的蚁群优化算法ant ( ) ，该算法实现了蒙特卡洛方法与瞬时差分方法的数学意义上结合，并能使蚂蚁获得的延迟强化信号及时地在其旅行路径上反向传播。
2 . based on the original bp network , some improvement on error back propagation arithmetic is made . the executing speed of the algorithm is increased through online adjustment of learning rate . combined with traditional pid control , this method generated two integral schemes : bp network + pid serial control and self - confirming control of parameters of pid controller based on bp network are constructed 在原有的误差反向传播（ bp ）网络的基础上，对其学习算法进行了改进，通过在线调节学习速率，提高了算法的实现速度，并且与传统的比例积分微分（ pid ）控制方法进行结合，分别实现了两种集成方法： bp网络与pid串行控制方法和基于bp网络的pid参数自整定控制方法。
The variation of db magnitude attenuation and phase delay of reflection is uniformly proportional to distance along the line toward the direction of reflection , where the phase delay is 360 degree per wave length , the db attenuation per meter is twice the one way db attenuation per meter of forward or backward wave 沿传输线之反射，即反向传播与正向传播电压沿传输线之相量比，其相位落后及分贝衰减沿反射方向之变化则正比于线长，相位落后为每半波长三百六十度，每米之分贝衰减为正向波或反向波单程每米之分贝衰减之两倍。
Besides the ability of mapping the complex non - linear relationships between compositions and properties , the proposed adaptive neuro - fuzzy inference system modeling method could extract " if - then " rules directly from data , and get knowledge hidden in the data . this overcomes the " black box " shortcomings of bp artificial neural networks , which widely used in modeling and predicting 本文融合模糊推理和神经网络学习功能的自适应神经-模糊推理建模技术，不但可以逼近数据中存在的非线性关系，而且能够直接从中获得结构化知识描述，从而克服了传统反向传播等类型网络的“黑箱”问题。
As for turbine , the importance of its fault diagnosis is introduced ; the research status quo in this field all over the world and the difference from variable diagnosis method is presented . hybrid model fault diagnosis method based on expert system and back - propagation algorithm is applied to solve the turbine fault diagnosis . good effect is obtained 针对汽轮机故障诊断问题，本论文剖析了汽轮机故障诊断的重要性，论述了国内外相关领域的研究现状，分析了多种诊断方法的优缺点，选择了基于专家系统和基于反向传播算法的混合模型的故障诊断方法来解决该问题，取得了很好的效果，全文的主要研究内容和成果总结如下： ( 1 )概述了一些现有的故障诊断方法。
This paper first introduced the pbd technique ' s basic principles and characters , these characters show that the pbd technique has many advantages in the nde ( non destructive evaluation ) field . then it described the theory model of pbd technique - three layers medium model , and explained the physical meaning of the model ' s solution 然后描述了光热偏转方法的理论模型- -三层介质模型，对三层介质模型的解的物理意义加以了说明，并着重论述了引起光热效应的物理量，即沿正向传播和反向传播的热波的物理意义。
