It is only the concrete establishment and operating mechanism are not the same , for example , the prelimina ry hearing of dual track system of u . s . a , the preliminary hearing of public security court of britain , the preliminary hearing of two grades of france , and the interludes procedure of germany , etc 现在，世界各国基本上都设有公诉审查制度，只是具体的设置和运行机制不尽相同，例如：美国的双轨制预审、英国的治安法院预审、法国的两级制预审以及德国的中间程序等。
Therefore , it is of the extremely theoretical and practical magnitude to subjectively , fully and deeply analyze and study the present liability systems of anti - trust legislation all over the world . consequently , the author combines chinese practical anti - trust and legislative status quo and take a special consideration into legal liability of anti - trust . in this paper , the author proposes own opinions on the application of liability without fault in chinese civil liability , the means of bearing liability by administrative department in chinese administrative anti - trust . insisting on propounding a new clause of anti - trust crime in chinese criminal law and perfecting procedure laws . as a result , the author tries to propose forceful theoretical support and reasonable legal suggestions upon the future legal liability system of chinese anti - trust 因此，现阶段对世界主要国家和地区的反垄断法法律责任制度进行客观、全面、深入的分析、比较研究具有极为重要的理论与实践意义。笔者在此基础上，结合我国反垄断的实践与立法现状，针对非法垄断法律责任问题进行了深入的思考分析。在文中，笔者就民事责任应采用双轨制归责原则、强化行政垄断主体的法律责任、在刑法分则中增加垄断罪条款以及完善法律责任追究程序等问题提出了自己的见解，力争能为我国将来合理设计具有中国特色的反垄断法法律责任制度提供有力的理论支持与合理的法律建议。
Coase considered the existence of a " master and servant relationship " , or an " employer and employee relationship " as a defining feature of a firm . however , this condition would exclude activities carried out by teams , partners , joint ventures , strategic alliances , associations and networks 德国公司治理的特色在于，德国全能银行对公司治理的影响;及德国公司采双轨制的组织结构，即由股东及员工选出监事会，再由监事会选任董事会，股东会、监事会、董事会分有不同的职责与功能。
In practice , there is no clear distinction between different kinds of allocated land - use right , besides , restrictions of the land punishment was n ' t strict , so more and more " recessive land market " come into being , which result in the lost of state - owned land benefits of our country . this thesis aims at make profound analysis on existing problem of current allocated 通过制度整合,将划拨土地使用权(公益性划拨土地使用权)严格限定在公益目的的使用上,逐步将存量的经营性划拨土地使用权推向市场,使之与有偿出让土地使用权制度接轨,以此建立新的、泾渭分明的土地利用“双轨制” 。
Based on this definition , compared with the sale contract that the ownership of an object is reserved and the price is paid by stages , lease contract and loan contract , the content of the financial lease contract is researched and the characteristic and nature of it is brought to light 这部分还讨论了有关出租人双轨制、承租人选定代理人的指定风险的问题。在融资租赁的客体部分，讨论了租赁物的消耗性、通用性、有体性三个问题，并认为融资租赁合同的实质客体就是资金。
At present , though the double - track system used in urban land has got rid of some problems of traditional land - use system , most nationalized land in urban is still being free and long occupied by these state - owned enterprises which lack good management and competitive strength , the efficiency of land - use is low 目前城市土地使用的“双轨制”虽然克服了传统土地使用制度的某些弊端,但是大量城市国有土地仍被许多管理不善和缺乏竞争力的国有企业无偿地长期占用,土地利用效率低下。
