With the development of shipping industry and the increasing competition of shipping market , it is required that shipping companies ? shipping management is stricter than ever , however the patterns of shipping management lag behind it relatively and the management methods are still in the traditional state , viz - all matters are handled by hand such as company plan , record , report , purchase of spare and supplies etc . . the communication of ship management between ship and company is still carried out by managerial handler themselves 随着我国航运事业的发展与参加国际航运市场的竞争，对船舶管理的要求在不断提高但与其不相称的是船舶管理手段相对滞后，整个船舶管理模式仍旧停留在传统管理手段上，一切仍靠人工处理，包括计划、记录、报告、备件物料采购等，船岸间的管理沟通仍靠管理人员登轮检查。
However , the data interchange of different enterprise is not as same as these , because there is n ' t a standard for a business industry . the information of the enterprise needs to be translated repetitiously , even be handled again and again . these can cause mistakes and reduce the efficiency of information transferring 而对于企业之间的数据交换，由于现在国内流通行业还没有一个被广泛接受的统一的数据交换标准，这使得企业之间的数据交换困难重重，企业的业务信息在企业的边界处往往要进行多次变换，甚至是重复的人工处理，降低了企业信息的传递效率，并且在这中间也增加了引入错误的可能性。
Boss is core of telecom enterprise business , its main function is : business design , business arrangement , network design , network configuration , network management , billing and account , rating and discounting , cu stomer service , customer management , finance , dicision surport , office auto mation , informa - tion intercourse etc . after the organization of chian railcom dalian branch , the number of customer increased day and day , the demand of customer became more and more complication , and crc develop many new server , the old bill system and manual transaction can not deal with dialy work , it is necessary to establish a set of orient - customer boss 业务运营支撑系统是电信企业业务的核心支撑，其主要功能如下：业务规划、业务部署、网络规划、网络配置、网络管理、计费、帐务管理、客户服务、客户管理、财务结算、客户营业、决策支持、办公自动化、内部信息交流等。铁通大连分公司成立之后，由于客户数量的不断增多，客户需求日趋复杂，加上铁通自身新业务的不断开发，原有的计费系统及人工处理流程已无法满足日常工作中的要求，因此，建立一套面向客户、以业务流程为中心的boss系统已迫在眉睫。
Because these datu are too large and discrete , it is a difficult and complex task to analysis categorize , index and look up them with traditional artificial methods . and it is more difficult to research into the implicit laws which hide in quality control and management . so , to explore the enterprise ' s information resources efficiently is impossible , and the quality of production can not be pledged well , not to mention make decision - making scientifically 众所周知，在水泥生产制造过程中，会产生大量的质量数据，但由于这些数据类繁、量大且分散，以至传统的人工处理方式对其进行分析、归类、检索和查找成为一项艰巨复杂的工作，更难于揭示历史数据中所隐含的质量控制和管理规律，从而难以对企业质量信息资源进行充分开发利用，致使企业产品质量难以提高，严重地影响质量决策的科学性。
The traditional management and analysis has implemented contamination information to digitize , but this digitization is just in a “ spreadsheet ” phase . it can not automatically sort and analyze the information . anti - contamination work can ’ t take full advantage of digital contamination information 传统的绝缘子污秽信息管理分析虽然已经实现了污秽信息数字化,但是这种数字化仅仅停留在电子报表阶段,对数字化污秽信息进一步整理、分析工作仍然要依靠人工处理,没有充分利用数字化的污秽信息。
This paper analyzes the reason of error ' s appearance and the characters of the method of resistivity processing , compares the manual work with computer calculate program , gives out several data - perprocessing programs which base on different arithmetics for the procession of error - limitation , and study the results of procession 这里分析了误差产生的原因及电阻率数据处理的特点，比较人工处理与计算机程序处理的差异，根据几种算法编写出不同的数据处理程序，对算例进行误差限制处理，并对处理结果进行了分析对比研究。
General consumption masses afraided network on - line to pay by credit card safe problem , looks is it must say through artificial procedure of treatment to pay by credit card on entity relatively , the network pays by credit card besides filling in the materials to encrypt immediately , does not handle others ' risk at all , the security that consumers have is strengthened too 一般消费大众所担心的网络联机刷卡安全问题，相较于实体刷卡必须经过人工处理的程序来说，网络刷卡除了填写资料立即加密之外，完全不会有经手他人的风险，消费者拥有的安全保障也更为强化。
