Secondly , based on the microbeam analytical technique , on the one hand , through investigating the characteristic of major elements in the mantle minerals the author acquired the static information from mantle ; on the other hand , through multi - point analysis of a part of the minerals from mantle , the auther got dynamic information from mantle . finally , generalizating the fruits of this study and predecessors , the autor holds that the constituents of lithospheric mantle possibly includes spinel lherzolites , clinopyroxenites , websterite , dunite , harzburgites , garnet lherzite , phlogopite lherzite , eclogites , clinopyroxene megacrysts ; compared with east china and north china platform , the research field mantle shows the characteristics of higher degree of partial melting processes and more depleted mantle ; the . upper mantle beneath north hetian area is heterogeneous , with a tendency of deficit in a12o3 and lree from kaliyang in west hetian to the river basin of kalakshi river and yulongkashi river ; the subduction of the crust beneath north hetian has ever occurred in geological history and caused the mixing of mantle - crust ; the depth of the origination of basaltic magmas beneath north hetian exceeds 73km ; the thickness of the lithosphere beneath the research area amounts to 204 . 9km ; the mantle beneath north hetian has geological condtions for forming diamond deposits 最后，综合本区幔源矿物和地幔岩石的特征以及地球物理资料，得出如下结论：本区上地幔的物质组成有尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、二辉岩、单斜辉石岩、纯橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩、石榴石二辉橄榄岩、金云母二辉橄榄岩、榴辉岩；与中国东部以及华北地台上地幔相比，研究区上地幔具有富集主元素中相容元素和亏损其中的不相容元素的特征，局部熔融程度较高；上地幔存在横向和纵向的不均一性，从西部的克里阳到喀拉喀什河和玉龙喀什河流域， al和lree富集程度呈下降趋势，不同来源的相同矿物中主元素的含量差异较大；地质历史时期这里可能发生过地壳俯冲并产生壳幔混合作用；玄武岩浆的起源深度73km ；从幔源重砂矿物的温压估算结果，可以推断出岩石圈厚度可达204 . 9km ；综合岩石圈物质组成特征、岩石圈热状态、地幔温压状态、氧逸度以及幔源岩石和幔源矿物的化学成分，认为研究区具备了金刚石成矿地幔地质条件。
Based on the petrological , petrochemical and geochemical analyses about these rocks , it is concluded in this paper that the xenoliths were originated from the upper mantle , and comprised of both primitive pyrolite and the infusible solid residual of the upper pyrolite while the basaltic magma was melted out of it , which were brought up to the earth ' s surface via o1carnc eruption 根据其岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学特征分析，包体来源于上地幔，其成因既有原始地幔岩，亦有上地幔岩经部分熔融出玄武岩浆后的难熔固相残留物，被火山喷发携带至地表。
The control of the deep - seated structural - magmatic process over the metallogenic system around the middle - lower yangtze river reaches is shown as : ( 1 ) the mantle uplift belt is closely related to the general geological background of the metallogenic system ; ( 2 ) the primitive magma originated from different parts of the mantle uplift belt ( mantle ridge or mantle slope ) shows differences in style of formation and composition and results in different magmatic series and metallogenic subzones , respectively ; ( 3 ) the varying depths of structural - magmatic chambers may form a " three - layered structure " ( central type , network - like and ring - like ) and this is the primary factor that controls the different magmatic series and the concerned cluster of ore deposits ; ( 4 ) the alkaline basaltic magma derived from the mantle ridge forms high - potassium and calcium alkaline magma and shoshonitic magma due to its altering intensity of afc process with the lower crustal material , which has something to do with the copper - gold and iron - sulphur metallogenic subsystems , respectively 深部构造岩浆作用对长江中下游成矿带安徽沿江地区成矿系统的控制表现为： ( 1 )地幔隆起带与成矿系统的总体地质背景的演变密切相关； ( 2 )源于地幔隆起带不同部位(幔脊与幔坡)的原始岩浆，其生成方式和物质组成不尽相同，它们分别产生相应的不同岩浆岩系列和成矿亚带； ( 3 )不同深度的构造岩浆房组成中心式网格式环带式“三层结构” ，是控制区内不同岩浆岩系列及有关矿床集中分布的主要因素； ( 4 )源于地幔隆起带脊部的碱性玄武岩浆，由于与下地壳物质发生的afc作用强度不同，形成了高钾钙碱性岩浆和橄榄安粗岩浆，分别与铜、金成矿亚系统和铁、硫成矿亚系统有关。
The alkaline basalts in southern hunan are suggested to have formed by small degrees of decompression melting of the asthenosphere mantle during the initial extension . the transitional ( the chebu gabbro ) and tholeiitic basaltic magmas were generated by relatively larger degrees of partial melting of the mantle 在裂谷初期，软流圈地幔的小比例部分熔融形成碱性玄武岩(湘南) ，在裂谷拉张作用比较强、地幔部分熔融比例比较大时形成赣南和湘南的过渡型(车步辉长岩)及拉斑质玄武岩。
According to the sr - nd isotopic characteristics of peridotite xenoliths and their host basalts , it indicates that xenoliths in hannuoba , puning area may represent source area of the host basalt because of the xenoliths and host rocks being in the same plot ; however , the xenoliths is not directly related to their host rocks of the others area for the xenoliths plot out of the range of their host basaltic rocks . thermal dynamics calculation shows that the peridotite xenoliths are formed in the condition of pressure of 9 . 45 - 25kb and temperature of 945 - 1281 橄榄岩包体及其寄主玄武岩的sr - nd同位素研究表明，汉诺坝与普宁地区部分包体样品投点落在其寄主玄武岩nd和sr同位素的分布范围内，表明橄榄岩包体代表了寄主玄武岩的源区，而其它大部分地区的包体其寄主玄武岩范围之外，表明寄主玄武岩和橄榄岩包体无成因联系，橄榄岩包体只是偶然包体。
The paper based on synthesize domestic and foreign ' s study achievement about basalt , systematical review basalt research history , present condition about basalt formation contributing factor and it ' s magma source area quality , uses the basalt to distinguish the earth ' s mantle type , the connection basaltic magma evolution and continent dynamics , and uses the basalt to distinguish tectonic environment 系统地综述了玄武岩的成因和岩浆源区性质、利用玄武岩判别地幔类型、玄武质岩浆的演化与大陆动力学关系，以及判别构造环境等方面研究的现状。
Geologists have long known that water leaking into faults can trigger earthquakes , and nine days is about the same amount of time that they estimate it takes water to work its way down through cracks and pores in kilauea ' s fractured basaltic rock to a depth of five kilometers ? where the silent earthquake occurred 科学家早就知道，水要是渗进断层之内便会引发地震，而他们估计，雨水从裂缝和孔隙渗入奇劳亚火山破裂的玄武岩所需的时间，正好就是九天；渗透的深度达五公里，也就是无声地震发生的地方。
Four major rock types are found within the reserve . from the oldest to the youngest , they are the tuffs with volcanic bombs , granodiorites , porphyritic rhyolites and basaltic dykes , respectively . geomorphologically , the marine reserve has typical exposed rocky shore of south - easterly - directed capes and headlands in hong kong 鹤咀海岸保护区内可以找到四种主要岩石种类，以岩石形成的年代计算，最古老的是火山爆发形成的凝灰岩，然后依次是花岗闪长岩,流纹斑岩及玄武岩。
2 . early jurassic mafic volcanic rocks in yanshan area were derived from decompression melting of an ancient continental lithospheric mantle , which had been previously metasomatized by subducted slabs during the closure of paleo - asian ocean ; the mantle source of late jurassic mafic volcanic rocks were contributed by dominant emi and insignificant subducted metasomatic components ; early cretaceous mafic volcanic rocks were derived from decompression melting of an ancient continental lithospheric mantle ( emi ) . with regard to the basaltic lavas , the felsic rocks resulted from partial melting of continental crust , which closely related to basaltic underplating 2燕山地区早侏罗世中基性火山岩来自于早期俯冲交代的古老岩石圈地幔部分熔融作用，俯冲交代作用可能与早期古亚洲洋闭合事件有关；晚侏罗世中基性火山岩更多来自于类似于emi型地幔源区的部分熔融作用，俯冲交代成分贡献很弱；早白垩世基性火山岩则来自于emi型地幔源区的部分熔融作用。
An article of headgear since ascertained to belong to the much respected clerk of the crown and peace mr george fottrell and a silk umbrella with gold handle with the engraved initials , coat of arms and house number of the erudite and worshipful chairman of quarter sessions sir frederick falkiner , recorder of dublin , have been discovered by search parties in remote parts of the island , respectively , the former on the third basaltic ridge of the giant s causeway , the latter embedded to the extent of one foot three inches in the sandy beach of holeopen bay near the old head of kinsale 搜查队在本岛的偏僻地区发现了一顶帽子，已查明系属于那位备受尊重的法庭书记乔治弗特里尔640先生还有一把绸面雨伞金柄上镌刻着都柏林市记录法官641博学可敬的季审法院院长弗雷德里克福基纳爵士姓名的首字盾形纹章以及住宅号码。也就是说，前者位于巨人堤道642第三玄武岩埂上后者埋在古老的金塞尔海岬643附近霍尔奥彭湾的沙滩深达一英尺三英寸的地方。
