Objective : discuss the correlation and necessities of the stereotactic radiotherapy combined with surgical operation for meningioma in skull base 摘要目的：探讨立体定向放射治疗颅底脑膜瘤与开颅手术相互关系和必要性。
This model may offer the potential to create interactive surgical exercises useful in evaluating multiple surgical routes to specific target areas in the skull base 这种模型提供了外科手术的互动方式，可以用来对颅底特定区域手术的入路进行评估。
Objective : the purpose of this anatomical study is to explore the morphological characteristics of tissues and structures in the suboccipital area associated with the far lateral approach [目的] ：探讨颅底远外侧入路手术区域主要结构的形态和毗邻关系。
Cerebral spinal fluid fistulas of the anterior skull base lend themselves to an endoscopic approach . dissection begins with a meticulous anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy 前颅底的脑脊液漏可以在鼻内窥镜下进行处理，先小心翼翼的进行前后筛窦组切除术，以暴露筛顶全长。
Objective : the goal was to develop an interactive three - dimensional ( 3 - d ) computerized anatomic model of the skull base for teaching microneurosurgical anatomy and for operative planning 目的：建立计算机化的3d颅底解剖模型，用于微创神经外科解剖学的教学以及手术前计划的制定。
Nose bleeding results from injury of the blood vessels inside the nose . nose picking , sneezing , forceful nose rubbing or trauma to the nose can cause damage to the nasal blood vessels 流鼻血是由于鼻内血管受伤所致。成因包括挖鼻孔、打喷嚏、鼻子受到撞击、鼻?肉、鼻咽癌及颅底骨折等。
Microscopically , the " area cerebrovasculosa " from the base of the skull from an anencephalic consists of scattered primitive neuroglial tissue elements within an irregular vascular proliferation 显微镜下，取自无脑儿颅底的“脑血管区域”包括在不规则血管增生处散在的原始神经胶质组织成分。
Conclusion : endoscopic transnasal approaches in the surgery of the base of skull had a favorable prospect , and it was a safe , convenient and applicable procedure for the management of certain lesions at base of skull 结论：鼻内镜技术在颅底区域手术均有满意疗效，应用前景广泛，但此类手术的适应症尚须进一步探讨。
Although development of the modem skull base surgery has made it possible to get high radical resection rate of the skull base lesions . the radical resection rate of the tumors on the petroclival region is still lower 尽管当代颅底外科的发展使颅底病变的全切除率大为提高，但是岩斜区肿瘤的全部切除率依旧很低。
Such aneurysms are " congenital " in the sense that the defect in the arterial wall is present from birth , but the actual aneurysm takes years to develop , so that rupture is most likely to occur in young to middle age adults 就出生时动脉壁缺陷这一点来看，多发性颅底小动脉瘤是先天性的，但实际上动脉瘤需要数年时间才能形成，因此颅底小动脉瘤破裂最可能在青年到中年发病。
