3 . contemporary capp is a process workflow management system based on internet and supporting synchronous cooperative process planning . the dissertation puts forward the process - oriented multilayer collaborative capp model and collaborative capp function model 指出现代capp是一个基于internet 、支持工艺同步协作的工艺工作流管理系统，并提出了capp面向过程多层次协同模型以及协同capp系统功能模型。
Many concerns in software development often crosscut other models in the system . it is often very difficult to identify , understand and modularize the crosscutting concerns by means of the present technology , such as procedural - oriented programming and object - oriented programming 软件开发中的许多关注点往往横切系统的多个模块，利用现有的编程技术(如面向过程编程、面向对象编程) ，这些横切关注点很难被鉴别、理解和模块化。
In addition to those advantages , applications in the windows system are much more than in the dos system . further more , it is very difficult to reuse the traditional cnc softwares just because they were developed with the mode of process oriented programming 传统cnc系统软件开发过程中多采用面向过程的开发模式，这种开发方法导致源程序难以重用，软件不容易扩充、升级，已经开发的软件资源很难在以后的系统开发中重用，软件利用率低。
Taking the conversion process as the baseline , the dissertation focuses on the change of the traditional manufacturing schema , reengineering of the organization , and reconfiguration of the resource and technology in the nms . this research , on the basis of the dipping up advanced manufacturing theory and networked manufacturing supporting technology , plans to optimise the networked manufacturing to become more efficient , flexible and agile Po - nms以过程为主线，侧重于对传统制造系统的组织管理和运作方式进行改变，使得网络化制造系统的资源和技术面向过程进行重构，组织面向过程进行重组，因此是一种更加适应网络化制造需求的制造模式和思想。
Based on the theory / viewpoint that the essential feature of a manufacturing process is a kind of manufacturing resource conversion process , this dissertation put forward creatively and systematically a new kind of networked manufacturing schema , named process - oriented networked manufacturing system ( po - nms ) 制造系统运行的内在本质是一种资源转换过程，本文从面向过程的角度出发，提出一种能够体现制造系统本质特征的新型网络化制造模式? ?面向过程的网络化制造系统( po - nms ) 。
But there has been not correspondingly control system for it by far . ln this thesis a pulse nitrogenous conveying control system based on profibus is designed and achieved on the thinking of modularizing the pulse nitrogenous conveying system , which can be used for different the pulse nitrogenous conveying system and added new control cells . the thesis reviewed systematically the pulse nitrogenous conveying system in practical , and makes the understanding that the system is composed of standard gas storage cell , conveying equipment cell and target container ceil . then a common modularized control system project is designed and achieved by structurized programming orienting process , which consists of four control models , respectively for gas storage cell , for conveying equipment cell and for target container cell 本文综合实际使用的氮保护脉冲气力输送系统，把氮保护脉冲气力输送系统分为标准化的气源设备单元、发送设备单元和目的料仓设备单元，在此基础上，设计了用于氮保护脉冲气力输送系统的通用模块化控制方案，采用面向过程的结构化编程思想，基于profibus现场总线，实现了组成该方案的四类控制模块：气源单元控制模块、发送单元控制模块、目的料仓单元控制模块和通讯处理控制模块。
For the quantification risks , the " geometric mean " is selected as the tool to rate the risk level ; for the qualification risks , the ahp approach was used to illustrate the different risk level . 4 、 the ahp method was proposed to determine risk response plan . by this approach , the various risks knowledge dispersed within the risk management organization such as the managers " experience and project history data can be used for the project risk management 为了解决风险因素特性的难于量化问题，本文还另外给出了风险重要度的定性整合ahp方法； 4 、提出了风险响应措施拟定与选择的ahp方法；该方法可以有效地利用分散于项目管理机构中的风险信息（经验、数据） ，选择出最适宜的风险响应措施； 5 、提出了工程项目风险管理的循环周期概念，通过该周期的循环体现项目风险管理的面向过程性和动态性；将周期性风险管理与项目本身的生命周期有机地结合，提出了一个面向过程的项目风险动态管理框架体系。
Compared to current object - oriented software component for distributed computing , software agent has bigger granularity and more intelligence , which becomes the research hotspot of current software technology , i . e . software technology changes from procedure - oriented to object - oriented , component - oriented and to agent - oriented 与当今分布式计算的软件构件技术( com / dcom 、 corba和rmi )的面向对象技术相比，软件agent的粒度更大，智能化程度更高。软件agent的研究已经成为当今软件技术的研究热点，也就是说软件技术由面向过程到面向对象、面向构件，再到面向agent设计。
( 1 ) the concept of the process - oriented networked manufacturing schema is proposed after the analysis of the essential feature of a manufacturing system . the definition , composition , and the formalisation expression of process are depicted , the process characteristics of networked manufacturing system is studied , and a basic process hierarchical structure , which is considered to be important to show the structure of networked manufacturing system , is given 论文的主要研究内容包括： ( 1 )从分析制造过程的本质特征出发，提出面向过程的网络化制造模式的概念；给出了过程的定义、组成及形式化描述，对网络化制造系统的过程特性进行了分析，进而建立了网络化制造系统的基本过程层次结构。
Comparing with traditional ones , oo analyse and designment methods own distinct advantages , which are suitable for almost every fields to construct wide - scale systems , and can offer sustainments for various kinds of current oo progam languages , operation systems and other developing tools 面向对象的系统分析与设计适合于在各种问题域中建造各种规模程度和复杂度的系统,并能为当前流行的面向对象的程序语言、操作系统和工具提供有力的支持,与传统面向过程方法相比具有明显的优越性。
