From the point of financial asset value movement ' s statistics , the paper analyses statistical characters and methods of security portfolio market risk , such as geometrical brownian motion , stochastic wandering model , and normal distribution , which depict the motion of stock ' s price . the paper indicates fluctuation and relativity are issue of statistical object 论文首先从金融资产价值运动的统计理论角度，系统分析了证券投资市场风险的统计特征和统计方法，如描述股票价格运动的几何布朗运动、随机游走模型、以及正态分布等，指出了描述证券投资市场风险的重要统计对象是组合资产价值的波动性和相关性。
In this paper , optic gyro is viewed as the object of investigation and several aspects is investigated as follows . two important indexes - bias instability and scale factor were measured and investigated , including bias , its repetitiveness , temperature sensitivity , random walk coefficient and scale factor , its nonlinearity , asymmetry , repetitiveness . we make use of the allan variance method to separate the noise factors which affect the performance of the optic gyro , such as the angle random walk , bias instability , rate random walk , rate ramp , quantization noise , markov noise and sinusoidal noise 本文以光学陀螺为研究对象，开展了以下几方面的研究工作：本文对光学陀螺性能的两个重要指标?标度因数和零偏稳定性进行了较为详细的研究，其中包括陀螺的零偏b _ 0 、零偏重复性b _ r 、零偏温度灵敏度b _ t 、随机游走系数rwc和标度因数k 、标度因数的非线性k _ n 、标度因数不对称性k _ h 、标度因数重复性k _ r等等。
The results show that the ionosphere - weighted model or the tropospheric estimation , integrated with the partly - weigthed least squares , can improve , the success rate and the reliability of ambiguity resolution ; however , if the ionospheric delay or the tropospheric delay , which is modeled on random walk process or first - order gauss - markov process , is estimated with the kalman filter , it will reduce the success rate and the reliability of ambiguity resolution 将电离层延迟作为零均值的随机游走过程(电离层加权模型) ，将对流层延迟作为静态参数，采用非递推形式的加权最小二乘法来估计，可以提高模糊度解算的成功率和可靠性。
Empirical analysis shows that changes in exchange rates do not follow normal distribution but fractal distribution ; fractal r / s analysis indicates that changes in exchange rates are not a random - walking process , but a biased random process , that exchange prices are not independent of each other , but continuous in state , and that changes in exchange prices are cyclical 实证分析表明，外汇汇率变化不服从正态分布，而是服从分形分布；运用r / s方法对汇率变化进行分形分析后得出，外汇汇率变化不是一个随机游走的过程，而是一个有偏的随机过程，汇率价格之间不是相互独立的，而是具有状态持续性的，汇率价格的变动具有周期性。
The paper studies the risk structure of chinese security market , and points out it is a faint efficient market , stock market has no character of stochastic wandering , and systemic risk has a high proportion in total risk , security market can not provide efficient serial time data , which leads to some obstacles to measure risk , besides , yield of stocks has a " heavy tail " character 实证研究了我国证券市场的风险构成，指出我国的证券市场是弱式有效，股市不是呈现随机游走，证券市场中系统风险占有相当大的比重。证券市场不能提供有效的时间序列数据，市场风险计量方法的应用受到限制。
The models of the stock price fluctuation is a mathematics model discribing the fluctuation of the stock price , it is all along the question financial scholars research over a long period of time , the models existing at present are mainly the model of randonm walk and the model of lognormal distribution etc . economists analyse the two models by authentic proof , which indicates that this two models do not fully qualify the actual stock market . in view of the above - mentioned facts , at the time some scholar have studied a new model of the stock price that even conforms to the actual stock market - that is the model of lognormal distribution 股票价格波动模型是用于描述股票价格波动的数学模型，一直是金融学者们长期研究的问题。目前存在的模型主要有随机游走模型、对数正态模型等，鉴于股价波动的随机游走模型和对数正态模型均经过实证分析，表明不完全符合现实的股票市场，目前理论研究者提出一种更符合实际股票市场的股价模型-股价波动源模型(文[ 5 ]的作者将股价异常变化带来的短期收益率函数附加在几何brown运动上，推广了对数正态模型)及研究出了另一种混合形式下(见文[ 15 ] )的期权定价方程。
We analyse the dispersion of stock returns and have the tests of serial correlation . the results show that the trading mechanism has a significant effect on a number of characteristics of stock returns . first , the distribution of open - to - open returns has greater variance than that of close - to - close returns . second . the serial correlation pattern is quite different in the two return series . the open - to - open returns have negative autocorrelation coefficient , but the close - to - close returns is positive . further , employing an arma ( 1 , 1 ) model we find that in the opening . returns exhibit higher residual noise and stronger dependence on past returns , reflecting stronger deviations from the random - walk form of the market efficiency hypothesis 主要表现为：一，开盘收益序列比收盘收益序列具有更大的方差。二，两种收益序列的序列相关形式不同，开盘收益序列表现为负相关，而收盘收益序列表现为正相关。而且我们通过arma ( 1 ， 1 )模型的进一步检验，发现开盘收益序列比收盘收益序列具有更大的残差，更依赖于过去的收益序列，也更偏离于市场有效的随机游走形式的假设。
