When the atomic ratio of nb is one , the structure is homogeneous and almost composed of the single sm2fe17 phase . it ' s nearly the same structure as that after annealing . so it can reduce the production cost and increase the stability of magnetic properties 当nb的原子比为1时的铸态组织基本为均匀的接近单相的sm _ 2fe _ ( 17 )组织，已接近于退火后的组织，从而可以避免冗长的均匀化退火化过程而直接用于制造永磁体，极大的降低了生产成本，并能有效的提高磁性能的稳定性。
The amount of nb3si / nb5si3 increases , their morphology tends to be more regular , their distribution becomes more homogeneously with the increasing of withdrawing rate . the microstructure is better oriented along the longitudinal axis of the samples when the withdrawing rate is between 0 . 6 and 6 . 0mm / min . at the same withdrawing rate , the microstructure changes from the beginning part to the ending part of the samples 铌?硅基rmics材料原始铸态组织由初生nb基固溶体和在其间分布的nb基固溶体+硅化铌共晶团组成；随着抽拉速率的增大，定向凝固共晶组织中硅化铌强化相细化、数量增多、分布趋于规则和均匀，定向效果显著；在相同抽拉速率条件下，区熔试样的组织从起始段到终止段发生了改变。
Abstract : this paper describs the smelting technology of high toughness nodular cast iron qt400 - 18 in cupola . the choice of raw material , chemical composition and the process of nodularization and inoculation is analyzed also . as a result , the reasonable semlting technology is determined to provide reliable gurantee for producing qualified casting 文摘:本文阐述了在冲天炉熔炼条件下铸态高韧性球墨铸铁qt400 - 18生产技术工艺，并对原材料选用、化学成份选择、球化处理工艺、孕育处理工艺进行了分析研究，确定了合理的熔炼工艺，为生产合格材质铸件提供可靠的保证。
By analyzing the microstructure of as - cast alloys with different surplus of samarium added , the optimum surplus of samarium is decided . by comparing the microstructure of the alloys annealed for different time , the ideal and economical annealing time is confirmed . the microstructure and phase composition of alloys during the whole preparation of sm2fe17nx are analyzed using the scanning electron micrograph with energy - dispersive x - ray analysis and x - ray diffraction patterns 本论文首先就熔炼工艺参数对铸态组织微结构的影响进行了探讨，并制定出一套较为合适的熔炼工艺；通过对不同钐加入量的铸态组织微观结构的观察分析，确定了原料配置过程中钐的最佳补偿量；通过对采用不同退火时间的合金组织进行比较，确定了理想、经济的退火时间；同时还利用扫描电子显微图像和x射线衍射图谱，比较了整个制备过程中，试样微结构和相组成的变化情况。
Oxidation erosion , liquid aluminum erosion and the erosion mechanism of grey cast iron crucible for aluminum melting were described in detail . the methods such as alloying of as - cast surface for improving oxidation resistance of the grey cast iron crucible and both composition adjustment and infiltration protection for improving liquid aluminum erosion resistance of the crucible were introduced . the corrosion resistance and service life of grey cast iron crucible were improved effectively with these methods through decreasing various channels of erosion developing from the surface to the inner of crucible 详细论述了熔铝灰铁坩埚的氧化腐蚀、铝液腐蚀及其腐蚀机制，介绍了能够提高灰铁坩埚抗高温氧化能力的铸态表面合金化法和能够提高灰铁坩埚抗铝液腐蚀能力的调整成分法与浸渗保护法，这些方法通过减少腐蚀由坩埚表面向基体内部发展的各种“通道” ，有效地改善了灰铁坩埚抗腐蚀性能，提高了坩埚使用寿命。
1 . the splitting from the binding interface of cuw / crcu roots from the rich cr and the oxidation of the binding interface , which leads to the higher thermal resistance in binding interface than normal , and the thermal stress enhanced . the extruded cu is suggested to instead of casting cu ( 1 )断裂是由于原材料铸态的crcu中c :质点大于熔渗的孔隙而沉积在界面上，同时在有氧源存在的条件下，结合面氧化，致使结合面结合不好，界面热阻升高， cuw与crcu部分的膨胀不同，应力集中，燃弧后断裂。
Abstract : oxidation erosion , liquid aluminum erosion and the erosion mechanism of grey cast iron crucible for aluminum melting were described in detail . the methods such as alloying of as - cast surface for improving oxidation resistance of the grey cast iron crucible and both composition adjustment and infiltration protection for improving liquid aluminum erosion resistance of the crucible were introduced . the corrosion resistance and service life of grey cast iron crucible were improved effectively with these methods through decreasing various channels of erosion developing from the surface to the inner of crucible 文摘:详细论述了熔铝灰铁坩埚的氧化腐蚀、铝液腐蚀及其腐蚀机制，介绍了能够提高灰铁坩埚抗高温氧化能力的铸态表面合金化法和能够提高灰铁坩埚抗铝液腐蚀能力的调整成分法与浸渗保护法，这些方法通过减少腐蚀由坩埚表面向基体内部发展的各种“通道” ，有效地改善了灰铁坩埚抗腐蚀性能，提高了坩埚使用寿命。
The vc - fe surface composite shows high wear - resistance , it ' s wear - resistance is 4 . 20 times as that of chilling respectively . with the content of v increasing , it ' s rigidity and wear - resistance increases continually . more vc grains gained , and well distributed , better wear - resistance the vc - fe surface composite will show . ( 7 ) surface cermet composite was formed by the means of cast - sintering technique , with the help of adding wc grains and the quantity of heat sent out from the reaction v + c vc , the carbide cermet quality percent exceeds 60 % 在重载干滑动摩擦条件下， vc一fe表面复合材料显示了很高的耐磨性，其相对耐磨性是可淬硬铸铁的4 . 2倍:随着含v量的增加， vc一fe表面复合材料的铸态硬度和耐磨性不断提高， vc颗粒越多，分布越均匀，表面复合材料的耐磨性就愈好。
Abstract : the microstructure of as - cast high cr injection micro - alloying martensitic cast iron and the substructure of martensite in it have been observed under sem and tem . the alloying element distribution related to phase formation , as well as the various types of branch and distortion of carbide in the martensitic cast iron have been explored by using x - ray diffraction and electron probe analysis 文摘:应用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了喷射微合金化的铸态马氏体高铬铸铁显微组织及马氏体的亚结构，并借助x射线衍射与电子探针分析探讨了合金元素的分布与相形成的关系，以及碳化物的不同形式分枝与畸变。
