Research made in this thesis is the primary but important step in developing the actual controller , but the key point is the bringing forward and the experience on a new methodology , thus can support the future work with theory and software . by doing this , we can understand and master the design steps , preselect and optimize the controller ' s parameters , shorten the developing time , so will absolutely has great positive effects on the diesel engine electronic control engineering 本文的研究是开发实用的柴油机控制器的前期工作，更重要的是提出和实践了一种较为先进的设计思路，可为后续的研究提供软件和理论的支持及方法论的指导，从而进一步认识和掌握发动机控制器的设计步骤，方便地进行控制器参数的优化，缩短其开发周期，也必然对柴油机电控技术的发展起到积极的作用。
The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit , credit risk and credit assessment , as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology , and the background of expert system and neural network . characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data , including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis , and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology , and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system . it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system , the major functional models and their interfaces , and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work , and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method 本文具体内容安排如下：第一章介绍了信用、信用风险、信用评价的概念，回顾了信用评价的历史、发展和现状，并综合各种信用评价模型，指出这些模型各自的优缺点：第二章简单描述了人工智能技术，着重介绍有关专家系统与神经网络的基础知识，通过总结它们的优缺点，指出结合专家系统与神经网络构造混合型专家系统的必要性；本章还介绍了神经网络子模块的概念，提出了混合型专家系统的一般框架与设计步骤：第三章对样本数据进行处理，包括异常数据的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用评价混合型专家系统的具体框架结构，介绍了系统知识库的主要部分、基于优先级的正向推理机制的流程、以及基于事实的自动解释机制的具体实现方法；第四章介绍了面向对象技术，进而采用面向对象对信用评价系统进行分析，建立了对象模型和功能模型，并在此基础上，采用c + +语言以规则类为例说明系统中具体类的实现，用伪代码的形式描述了推理的算法；第五章描述了整个系统的结构，对系统主要功能模块和界面进行了介绍，并总结系统的特点；第六章总结了全文，指出本文所构造系统存在的不足以及对将来的展望。
In this paper , combined with the research project " study on the design , construction and quality monitoring of foundations in karst and mined - out regions along tanshao highway " financed by the department of communication of hunan province , a deep analysis has been made to find out the factors influencing the safe thickness of bearing stratum under the pile tip in karst region . three simplified models are set up to calculate the safe thickness , from which empirical calculation formulas are deduced . and a few important conclusions drawn from the discussion can be used to guide engineering practice , which are also valuable materials for the revision of current criterions later 本文结合湖南省交通厅“潭邵高速公路岩溶及采空区路、桥基础设计施工与质量监控方法研究”研究课题，以潭邵高速公路为工程依托，通过深入分析岩溶区基桩桩端持力层安全厚度的影响因素，提出了桩端持力层安全厚度计算的三类简化模型，以此为基础，推导出了桩端持力层厚度计算公式，并通过讨论得到了可用于指导工程实践的几点重要结论，可供今后规范的修改参考；本文针对岩溶地区的特殊情况，提出了岩溶区桩基设计方法及具体设计步骤，并借鉴国内外岩溶区桩基的成功经验，提出了岩溶区桩基设计处理几种特殊方法，可供同类工程借鉴；另外，本文通过具体的工程实践，系统总结了岩溶区桩基施工技术及常遇问题的处理方法。
Although the marketing channel adjustment has been mentioned in so many marketing theories till now , there ' s no any concrete method of adjustment has been set up yet . based on the combination of the current marketing theory regarding to decision - making of distribution channel and author ' s personal experience , author creates a procedure on the ideal channel designing , and then comes to an integrate solution to existent channel ' s adjustment 现有的许多营销理论中都提到了有关营销渠道调整的概念，但迄今还没有一套具体的调整的方法，因此笔者在现有的营销理论关于销售渠道决策的理论基础上，结合自身的实际工作经验，首先提出了理想渠道的设计步骤，然后形成了一套完整的对现有渠道调整的方法。
The computer programs of parameter and v - belt pulley ? structure design were made in the research , based on the regular design steps , the equation , data sheet and digraph were made into the forms which the computer can search automatically . the solid mouldings were made which can be drive by the design parameters 采用冲压带轮的v带传动是农业机械所特有的传动装置，本研究按照常规的设计步骤对设计过程中的公式、数表、线图进行了程序化处理，编制了带传动参数设计及结构设计的程序。
It ' s suitable for the design of chips that has high performance and large needs . the approach includes system design , logic synthesis , simulation , placement and routing , and etc . as an example , the design process of an asic for frequency measuring is discussed detailed to show how to use this approach quickly and successfully 该方法包括系统设计、逻辑综合、仿真、布局布线等top - down的asic设计步骤。论文以asic测频芯片的设计过程为例，详细分析讨论了定制法的各个设计环节，以实际的设计过程论证各个设计环节，并且解决了在各个设计环节中遇到的问题：可测性设计的考虑、布局布线的考虑等。
At first , in the introduct of the paper , i expatiate the develop status , deficiency and its background of one - card - system contractedly . next , in the second chapter of the paper , i expatiate the characteristic of lonworks fieldbus technology , and its net - connecting characteristic ; thirdly , the paper dwells on project design based on lonworks fieldbus technology , puts forward a new network struction . and demonstrate it ' s feasibility from system real - time , safety , expansibility and so on ; forthly , the paper gives the design of hardware and software of card reader and access controller ; at the end , namely , the fifth chapter of the paper , i give the design of the system web database in detail , according to the standardized design step 首先，在论文的绪论部分，简要的阐述了一卡通系统的发展现状及不足，以及课题背景等；其次，在论文的第二章，简要介绍了lon总线技术的特点及网络特性；再次，在论文的第三章，给出了基于lon总线技术的详细设计方案，提出了一种新颖的校园“一卡通”网络架构，并从系统实时性、安全性及扩展性等多个方面进行了论证；在论文的第四章，对读卡机及门禁控制器进行了设计；最后，在论文的第五章，按照数据库的规范化设计步骤，对系统web数据库进行了设计并利用sqlserver2000数据库管理系统进行了实施。
In the second aspect the author sets forth the construction of supply chain . at the beginning . several models of supply chain structure and the principle for supply chain design are introuduced . then the author analyses the design procedure . because the production and industry are different , the design procedure is also different 首先说明了几种供应链体系结构模型，供应链设计的原则。在此基础上详细分析了供应链设计步骤。由于产品和行业不同，供应链的设计步骤也不尽相同，这里以基于产品的供应链设计为例详细分析了供应链设计步骤。
