Simultaneously , they were widespread weak or strong parasites of conifers and broadleafs and develop in 15 genera of 11 families 该类菌物寄主范围广泛，除针叶树外，还包括众多的被子植物。
The origin and radiation of angiosperms ( flowering plants ) have long been important issues attracting botanists 因此，对研究被子植物（有花植物）的起源与演化以及单子叶植物的起源具有重要价值。
Seed development , which involves in multiple genes and their interactions , is a central part of the reproductive process in angiosperms 摘要种子发育是被子植物繁殖的中心环节，涉及众多基因及其互作。
Generative nuclei the two gametic nuclei formed by the division of the generative cell in the pollen tube of angiosperms 雄原核：在被子植物花粉管中的生殖细胞（应为雄原核译者注）分裂成两个配子的核。
Bundle sheath the ring of parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous tissue , usually one cell thick , that surrounds the vascular bundle in an angiosperm leaf 维管束鞘：在被子植物叶中，围绕维管束的通常是一层薄壁或厚壁细胞。
Pollen mother cell ( pmc ) in angiosperms and gymnosperms , a somatic cell that gives rise to four haploid pollen grains by meiosis 花粉母细胞（ pmc ） ：指在被子植物和裸子植物中，能通过减数分裂产生4个单倍体花粉粒的体细胞。
Gymnosperms lack endosperm and the precise double fertilization characteristic of the angiosperms , although some show a primitive form of it 尽管裸子植物还保留有某些被子植物的基本形态，但它没有被子植物所特有的胚乳以及双受精现象。
Angiosperms are divided into two major classes , the monocotyledons ( monocotyledonae ) and dicotyledons ( dicotyledonae ) , with a small basal group known as primitive dicotyledons 被子植物可以划分为两个纲，单子叶植物纲和双子叶植物纲。
They differ from conifers and other gymnosperms by having the ovule enclosed within an ovary , which after fertilization develops into a fruit 被子植物不同于针叶植物和其他的裸子植物，被子植物的胚珠由子房所包被，受精后直接发育为果实。
Funicle ( funiculus ) the stalk attaching the ovule ( later the seed ) to the placenta in angiosperm ovaries . nutrients pass through the funicle to the ovule and seed 珠柄：被子植物子房中连接胚珠（之后的种子）和胎座的柄。营养物质通过珠柄传递到胚珠和种子。
