Aes is a important analysis in surface study and has many advantages in cathode research . the quadruple frequency yag laser made in china is cheap and steady 俄歇能谱仪是重要的表面分析手段，具有很多优点，适合于阴极研究。
As a method of surface analysis , electron energy loss spectroscopy ( eels ) can provide structural information from a specimen 电子能量损失谱( electronenergylossspectroscopy ，简称eels )是一种可以提供样品表面结构信息的表面分析方法。
Nano - science technology is a kind of technology manufacturing substance in nano - meter dimension ( 0 . 1 - 100nm ) . scanning probe microscope is a new instrument for surface analysis 扫描探针显微镜是一种以物理学为基础，集多种现代技术为一体的新型表面分析仪器。
In addition , conventional surface analytical tools , i . e . , leed and aes , are also equipped to provide surface information of long - range order and elemental identity 传统的表面分析设备如低能电子绕射仪( leed )及欧杰电子能谱仪( aes ) ，则用来决定晶体表面的长程结构和元素成份。
Scanning tunneling microscope ( stm ) , introduced in the early 1980s ' , is a new type of microscope and a new technique for surface analysis 纳米技术领域中的一重要成员? ?扫描隧道显微镜（ scanningtunnelingmicroscope ，缩写为stm ）有着广泛的应用前景，扫描隧道显微镜是八十年代初发展起来的一种新型表面分析仪器。
The invention and application of atomic force microscope ( afm ) has greatly promoted the development of super - exact manufacture and measure technology , and provided a way to study the micro characters of the surface of super - exact mechanical accessories 原子力显微镜表面分析仪器的发明和应用极大地促进了超精密加工及其检测技术的发展,为人们研究超精密零件表面的微观特性提供了有利的手段。
Spm ( scanning probe microscope ) is an international surface analytic instrument rising up in recent years , and the distinguishability can reach nanometer level even atom level but this instrument is so exact and expensive , and it is very difficult for most beginners 扫描探针显微镜( scanningprobemicroscope ， spm )是国际上近年发展起来的表面分析仪器，它们的分辨率可达到纳米级甚至是原子级。
Scanning probe microscopy ( spm ) has evolved into a powerful tool for imaging with nanometer - scale resolution and analyzing a variety of surface in the past two decades , which is advantageous to be done in vacuum , in atmosphere , or in liquid 扫描探针显微镜( spm )是近二十年来发展起来的一个强有力的表面分析工具，具有纳米级的分辨率、制样简单、可在不同的环境下(真空、大气、液体)进行观察等优点。
These manufacturers demand advanced surface and materials analysis technologies to solve their production problems , and develop their own products and associated manufacturing processes . however , installation and maintenance coast of surface analysis and surface engineering facilities are high and may not be affordable by small - and medium - size manufacturers 厂商亦需要一些先进的表面工程技术，以解决生产问题，及开发产品，但安装及维修这类表面分析的器材非常昂贵，中小型的厂家是无法负担的。
This study choosed arc view gis by way of foundation platform and developed the function modules for region geophysics and geochemistry ( for example hydrological function and background analyst for region geochemistry and transformation for potency field and transformation of map projection and correlation analyst and grid data treating and inserter for kriging and trend and so on ) except using the basic functions of arc view gis ( e . g . neighbour analyst and spatial data treating and surface analyst and model constructor and so on ) 本论文选择arcviewgis作为基础平台，除利用arcviewgis的基本功能(如邻域分析、空间数据处理、表面分析、模型构造器等)外，开发了适合于区域地球物理地球化学综合解释的功能模块，如水文功能、区域地球化学背景分析、位场变换、地图投影变换、相关场分析、栅格数据处理、 kriging及trend插值器等。
