If the mixed films were used to study the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in fluid subphase , we can further understand the mechanisms of the formation of calculus crystallite at the cellular surface of urinary tract 所以，如果将实验设计成在流动体系中用磷脂和蛋白质的复合膜诱导草酸钙晶体形成，将能更贴近地了解草酸钙结石在尿路表皮细胞上的形成病理。
C4s made the elongated ( 101 ) crystal face longer and the crystals become thinner while cattle serum albumen only made com become thinner . l - glutamic acid , one of amino residues , increased the edges and corners of com crystals ) 01 )晶面变成拉长的六边形，而且晶体的厚度变薄； l - glu使草酸钙晶体棱角明显增多，形成多棱“不规则”晶体； csa也使草酸钙晶体变薄。
Various kinds of crystals were detected from urinalysis including calcium oxalate , amorphous phosphate , triple phosphate and uric acid in 83 patients ( 37 . 9 % ) of the urinary calculus group and 13 patients ( 12 . 6 % ) of the non - calculus group 同时，我们发现在83位（ 37 . 9 % ）尿路结石病患及13位（ 12 . 6 % ）非结石病患的尿液中存在著各类结晶体，包括草酸钙、无定形性磷酸盐、三重磷酸盐及尿酸结晶体等。
Studies on the biomineralization of calcium oxalate crystals were performed in vitro using monolayer film and langmuir - blodgett film as templet . sem , esem , tem , afm , xrd and ft - ir were used to characterize calcium oxalate crystals obtained from a series of experiments 以单分子膜和lb膜作为模板，用sem ， esem ， tem ， afm ， xrd和ft - ir等表征方法，在体外研究了草酸钙晶体的生物矿化过程。
The relationship between the caoxa stones growth and the morphology of caoxa crystals was discussed . the reasons why multicarboxylate such as citrates and tartrates were used as stone inhibitors in clinic were also discussed . our results supported that citrates are the best medicine in preventing and curing caoxa stones 初步探讨了草酸钙的不同晶型及物相与结石病防治之间的关系，并讨论了柠檬酸盐和酒石酸盐在临床上被用作结石病治疗药物的原因及其作用机理，以此推测了不同添加剂用作结石病预防和治疗药物时的应用前景。
Octadecanoic acid ( oa ) / octadecylamine ( oam ) mixed monolayer were absorbed by hsa from the observation of surface pressure - molecule area ( n - a ) isotherms , differentiated curves of 0a / 0am monolayers and uv - vis , ft - ir spectra and fluorescence emission spectra of 0a / 0am lb film . the property change of 0a / 0am monolayer led to the change of crystal growth induced by the monolayer . when the concentration of hsa in subphases containing cac2o4 supersaturated solution rises from 0 . 00 % ( wt % ) to 0 . 10 % , cot , cod and com form beneath oa / oam monoalyer , respectively 通过比较含不同浓度人血清蛋白( hsa )的草酸钙过饱和溶液亚相上十八酸十八胺( oa oam )混和单分子膜的压力?单分子面积( - a )等温线，微分曲线及oa oam混和lb膜的uv - vis光谱、 ft - ir光谱以及荧光发射光谱，可以看出， hsa吸附于oa oam膜上，使oa oam膜的性质改变，并且影响到oa oam单分子膜对草酸钙晶体生长的诱导作用。
The major composition of crystals is calcium oxalate , it crystallizes with very different crystallization kinetics , e . g . monodinic monolydrate ( com ) , tetragonal dihydtate ( cod ) and triclinic trihydrate ( cot ) . com is easy to form urinary stones because it has stronger affinity for renal tubule cell membranes than cod , cot 其中，晶体的主要成分是草酸钙，主要有三种类型：一水草酸钙( com ，单斜晶系) ，二水草酸钙( cod ，四方晶系) ，三水草酸钙( cot ，三斜晶系) ，其中com与肾小管表皮细胞黏附力最强，是草酸钙型尿结石的主要成分。
Chondroitin sulfate a ( c4s ) , as a kind of endogenetic urinary macromolecule , not only increased the supersaturation of cac2o4 in solution , but also inhibited the two - dimensional growth and aggregation of com crystals . the growth of calcium oxalate crystals was influenced by surface pressure beneath dppc monolayer film . there were some crystals which have the same appearance as com crystals obtained from pure water system when monolayer surface pressure was hold 1 , 10 and 30 mn / m while those growth at 20 mn / m were perfect orderly induced by dppc monolayer 生物大分子c _ 4s作为一种内源性的尿大分子，它不仅从热力学上提高ca ~ ( 2 + )在尿液中存在的浓度，使体系中cac _ 2o _ 4保持较高的相对过饱和度，降低草酸钙结石成核的可能性；而且在晶体生长时，抑制com晶体晶面的二维生长和晶体聚集。
The mean diameter of liposomes was 111 . 2 nm and 168 . 9 nm , respectively , for the concentration of pc of 4 . 2 mmol / l and 6 . 7 mmol / l . the diameter of the caoxa crystals grown in the liposomes was about 100 nm , it is much smaller than that in pure water , which has a size of about 1000 nm . the morphology of caoxa crystal grown in pc liposome under different conditions was investigated using x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) Pc浓度为4 . 2 . mmol l时囊泡的平均粒径为111 . 2nm ， pc浓度为6 . 7mmol l时囊泡的平均粒径为168 . 9nm ；囊泡中生长的草酸钙晶体的平均粒径在100nm左右的范围内，远远小于在纯水溶液中生成的草酸钙晶体的粒径( 1 m左右) 。
In addition , chondroitin sulfate / chitosan composite films are self - assembled through electrostatic attraction on the positively charges mica substrate . the interaction and mechanism of forming the composite films were introduced . when the concentration of chitosan is 5 mg / ml and the concentration of chondroitin sulfate is 1 mg / ml , the composite films exhibited a good miscibility at a molecular scale . this kind of composite films is promising in the field of medical materials 另外，也研究了草酸钙在硫酸软骨素自组装膜上受控凝集结晶的现象，发现当硫酸软骨素的浓度为1 . 0mg ml时在云母表面形成的网状基底可以诱导过饱和的草酸钙溶液凝集结晶形成liesegang环，为深入研究尿结石中环结构的形成提供了一定的实验依据。
