In 2000 , he was made a distinguished fellow of the american economic association and has served as its vice - president . he is also a fellow of the econometric society , the american academy of arts and sciences , the new york academy of sciences , and the john simon guggenheim memorial foundation 二零零零年，他获选为美国经济学会院士，并曾任该会副会长。他亦身兼计量经济学学会、美国艺术科学院、纽约科学院和johnsimonguggenheimmemorialfoundation之院士。
Shortly after the academy of motion picture arts and sciences was organized in 1927 , a dinner was held in the crystal ballroom of the biltmore hotel in downtown los angeles to discuss methods of honouring outstanding achievements , thus encouraging higher levels of quality in all facets of motion picture production 电影艺术科学院于1927年刚刚成立后不久，在洛杉矶巴尔的摩酒店的水晶舞厅举行了一次宴会，讨论如何奖励电影制作的杰出成就，以鼓励电影制作水平的全面提高。
