The conclusions are : ( 1 ) tthe considerable variation in the cortical regions activated with respect to modifiers by nouns , verbs , and adjectives indicates that the three classes of words obtained by grammatical functions find their neurological supports ; ( 2 ) the modifiers by verbs activate lifg responsible for syntactic processing indicates there exists a - phonetic inflectional processing ; and ( 3 ) the areas at cortical activation by adjective modifiers have not shown any remarkable syntactic or semantic vantage , which fits in well with the theory that the functions at adjectives come between those of nouns and verbs 本研究通过对名、动、形充当名词修饰语的脑机制考察，得出如下结论：名、动、形充当修饰语激活的脑区显著不同，表明根据语法功能得到的名、动、形三类词各有其神经基础作支持；动词充当修饰语激活主要负责句法分析加工的左额中回，表明存在无语音形式的屈折加工；形容词充当修饰语激活的脑区则未表现出明显的句法或语义优势，这与理论上认为形容词的功能介于名、动之间的观点吻合。
Bottom - up processing and feature detecting theory based on strong electrophysiological evidences has played a dominant role in the visual research for long time . people know top - down processing just by common sense . knowledge or experience are recalled from memory by reactivation of their neural representations and affected visual processes . however recently , researches from human and monkey provide experimental evidences for top - down processing . first , mnemonic representation of visual objects and faces , located in the ventral processing stream of visual perception in monkey , provide the best evidences of how neuronal codes are created by neurons that have the special ability to link the representations of temporally associated stimuli ; second , experiments suggest that not only bottom - up signals from the retina but also top - down signals from the prefrontal cortex can trigger the retrieval of associative codes , which may serve as a neural basis both for the conscious recall and for the visual processes affected by top - down processing further studies will improve people s understanding of the causal relation of activation and behavior by use of combined fmri and electrophysiology or lesion studies 联想性编码是通过学习由一些具有特殊功能的神经元建立的，这些神经元具有将时间性关联刺激的表征联系起来的能力。其次，不仅来自视网膜的底-顶信号，而且来自前额叶的顶底信号都能触发联想性编码的提取，既可以作为有意识回忆的神经基础，又是顶-底加工影响视觉过程的基础。脑损伤病人研究具有高时间分辨率的人类功能性核磁共振成像functional magnetic resonance imaging , fmri和猴fmri研究以及猴细胞电生理分析相结合,将进一步加强人们对视觉脑机制的全面理解。
The delayed test is carried out in two conditions : with cues of convenient calculation or without cues . the results of two tests have no significantly difference , which indicates the applied defect can be avoided if the training is appropriate . in the present experiment , there is no significant difference between exploration teaching and narration teaching , possibly because students have got used to the n 脑波幅和潜伏期结果表明，策略训练前和训练后两者脑机制有共同的地方，更有相异之处： （ ）策略训练后的简算比训练前的非简算耗费更少的脑力，差异显著，第一次以生理指标证实了策略训练的效果。
