Take the technical reform on longitudinal finned tubular oil / heating agent heat exchanger operated in ( superscript # ) 2 platform of chengdao oilfield center as an example , this paper analyzes 3 failure modes of this kind of heater and presents relative improvement measures 摘要以埕岛油田中心二号平台纵向翅片管式原油热媒换热器技术改造为例，分析了纵向翅向管式换热器常见的3种失效形式，并指出了其相应的改进措施。
For the optimization function of hrsg , the cool costs is considered as the objective function and the variables are the number of row , the number of tube per row , the horizontal distance and vertical distance between tubes of the evaporator and the economizer 建立了以bchp系统的冷量成本为目标函数，以余热锅炉排烟温度、蒸发器和省煤器中螺旋翅片管管排数、每排管数、管束横向节距和管束纵向节距为决策变量的余热锅炉优化模型。
These methods are following : ( 1 ) in order to build fem model conveniently and enhance calculating speed , interceped a finite length and built a 2d - symmetry model . ( 2 ) in order to apply loads conveniently , kept the entrance of cold fluid . ( 3 ) in order to obtain numerical results in steady situation , lengthened export and import ends 这些方法主要有： ( 1 )为了便于建立模型并提高计算速度，对于实际工程中采用的长径比特别大的换热管采取截取有限长度的方法并建立二维对称简化模型； ( 2 )提出采取保留冷流体入口端，截取有限长度的方法施加载荷； ( 3 )适当延长翅片管的出口端和入口端，以便获得稳定工况的数值解。
It tell us : the abrasive capability of fly ash ; the similar calculation of ash erosion ; the calculation of ash erosion in the tube in turn and tube out of turn ; the reason of tube abrasion for gas flue ; the influence of air parameter for fly ash erosion ; the influence of changing temperature ; the influence of the flue gas composition , etc . next , it advances the solving measure ; reduce the flue gas velocity ; reduce the concentration of fly ash ; responsible construction : replace smooth tube with spiral tube ; use the new material of abrasion ; fuel desulfurization ; reduce so3 of flue gas ; raise flue gas temperature , making it up the dew point ; use the abrasion - resistance material to resist abrasion 讨论了飞灰磨损性能、管壁受飞灰冲蚀的近似计算、灰粒对顺列管和错列管的磨损计算、烟气走廊引起对流管束的磨损机理、空气动力参数对飞灰冲蚀的影响以及受热面壁温变化及烟气成份对飞灰磨损的影响等问题。接着提出了解决的措施：降低平均烟气流速；降低飞灰浓度；使用鳍片管、螺旋翅片管代替光管；选择合适的结构及排列方式，减少烟气中so3的含量；提高受热面壁温使之大于烟气的露点温度；采用抗腐蚀材料作受热面等防腐蚀的措施。
According to the simulation of refrigeration system , the thesis applies the dynamic concentrative parameter model and dynamic distribution parameter model to the process of starting , stopping and normal running and validates the correctness , reliability and sensitivity of simulation model by comparing results of simulation calculation with experimental results . what ' s more , the writer programs the dynamic simulation software for this evaporator 本文从制冷系统仿真的角度，对制冷系统开、停机过程和正常运行过程分别运用动态集中参数模型和动态分布参数模型来考察蒸发器，编制了翅片管蒸发器的动态仿真应用软件，并对仿真计算结果和实验结果进行了比较，从而验证仿真模型的正确性、可靠性和对参数的敏感性。
In order to study the operation characteristics of hpacdhws , distributed parameter simulation models of the fin heat exchanger and the plate heat exchanger are built up . the compressor model is founded in map - based method , and the thermodynamics expansion value model is built up in force balance method . the dynamic system model is the efficient connection of all component models by laws of equalization of mass , momentum and energy 为了研究hpacdhws的运行特性,本文利用分布参数法分别建立了翅片管换热器和板式换热器的动态数学模型,采用图形法和力平衡法分别建立了压缩机和热力膨胀阀的集总参数计算数学模型,并基于质量、动量和能量守恒定律等约束条件,建立了hpacdhws的动态仿真模型。
Secondly , the temperature distribution in rib - tube heat exchanger in the course of heat transfer is programed and simulated using apdl language of fem software ansys , and the average convection coefficient of both sides is obtained . the rib - tubes with different structure are also simulated and optimized on the base of the calculated results , the relationship between structure and the average convection coefficient of both sides is summrized . the rib - tube structure is optimized using apdl . finally , combines numerical simulation with experimental research , and results of numerical simulation are found to be close to the experimental data 利用ansys有限元程序对翅片管换热器的换热过程进行数值模拟，确定了换热过程中翅片管的温度场和热流量梯度分布状况，对翅片管换热器的多组分流场进行计算，给出了逆流和顺流两种情形下翅片管结构参数对换热效果的影响规律，并利用ansys提供的优化技术编写程序对翅片管进行结构优化设计，为其今后在工业中的设计及使用提供了重要依据。
The plate - tube evaporator , the single back - fin evaporator and the box condenser . after analyzing the physical model and setting up the mathematical model according to the two - phase flow of adiabatic capillary tubes , it also numerically simulates and analyzes the different effects of main parameters on the capillary tube length . based on the heat transfer analysis and counting of thermal insulation layer , the cad system accomplishes the parametric design and drawings of the refrigerator body 该系统完成了对典型制冷装置的换热器部件，如板管式蒸发器、单脊翅片管式蒸发器、箱壁式冷凝器的参数化设计和绘图；分析了绝热型毛细管两相流的物理模型，并建立数学模型，对绝热型毛细管各主要参数对其长度的影响进行了数值模拟和计算分析；基于对电冰箱箱体绝热层厚度的传热分析和计算，完成了整个箱体的参数化设计和绘图工作。
Second , the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model , which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system . third , the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory , which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator . fourth , the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed , which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen , air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions , and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness , wetness and frostiness , at the same time , to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping 本文的主要内容如下： 1 )对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2 )对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3 )对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4 )编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。
Analysis is made on structure characteristics of the finned - tube , and analysis has been made on the special heat and mass transfer principle of every micro - unit under both dry and wet conditions . appropriate hypothesis is made and based on the energy , mass and momentum equivalent , the evaporator models of dynamic distributed parameters are set up . in addition , the gascooler and internal exchanger models of dynamic and distributed parameters , the throttling valve models and the compressor models are set up , too 本文的内容如下： 1对翅片管蒸发器的结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元体，对于干、湿工况下每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，通过适当的假设，利用质量守恒方程、能量守恒方程和动量守恒方程建立了蒸发器的分布参数数学模型；对回热器划分微元建立了分布参数数学模型；对气体冷却器建立了分布参数数学模型；对压缩机建立了数学模型；建立了节流阀的数学模型，为系统仿真奠定了基础。
