Factors which influence field soil water infiltration characteristics have soil structure , soil moisture , soil texture , topsoil crusting and plate , agriculture husbandry measure and soil water phase change and so on 影响大田土壤水分入渗特性的因素有：土壤结构、土壤含水量、土壤质地、表土结皮和板结、农业耕作措施和土壤水的相变等。
With continuing of rainfall , the influence of soil - aggregated degree was very great . seventhly , mutual effect between soil crust and raindrop splash was studied , the result showed that splash erosion rate was greatly increased , once soil surface crust was formed 七、表土结皮形成对土壤溅蚀的影响：随着表土结皮的逐渐形成，土壤抗侵蚀能力增强，土壤溅蚀速率急剧减小。
Soil crust , a common phenomenon for many soils worldwide , plays an important role in water and soil losses . soil seals and crusts can significantly reduce soil infiltration rate and subsequently lower the utilization of water resources , increase runoff , and induce heavier soil erosion 造成水土流失一个极其重要的原因是降雨引起的土壤表面结皮，降低了土壤的入渗性能，增加丁土壤表面的径流，加大了土壤侵蚀。
2 . the structure of artificial vegetation in shapotou region the structure of vegetation usually consisted of a vertical structure and a horizontal structure of vegetation . based on the vertical structure of vegetation , there were three layers of artificial vegetation in shapotou region 2 、植被垂直结构及水平结构：沙坡头地区人工固沙植被垂直结构可分为三个显著的片层结构：灌木片层、草本片层和生物结皮片层。
Secondly , essential law of soil crust formation was obtained : when coarse sand exceeded 50 % , soil crust dominated by depositional crust would be formed . when soil clay exceeded 30 % and soil aggregated degree was less than 140 % , soil surface tended to form soil crust dominated by structural crust 四、土壤聚合剂聚丙烯酰胺( pam )对控制表土结皮形成的效果： pam能控制表土结皮形成的主要原因是， pam能改善土壤的结构状况，显著提高土壤团聚体的稳定性，从而有效的抑制了表土结皮的形成。
The function of desert microbiotic crusts in erdos was analyzed , the results ahowed that : microbiotic crusts consist of fine sand and thick powder sand , but differs with the wind - drift sand , wind - drift sand are coarse sand and fine sand ; microbiotic crusts influence the rainfall distribution again and effect on the evaporation of infiltration moisture ; microbiotic crusts has the power of water conservation and the function of enrichment of nutrients 摘要本文对鄂尔多斯沙漠生物结皮作用进行了初步研究，结果表明结皮层的机械组成以细沙和粗粉沙为主，而流沙以粗沙和细沙为主；生物结皮层影响降水的再分配作用，并影响入渗水的蒸发规律；生物结皮层县有较好的保水特性和养分富集作用。
Scanning electric microscope ( sem ) photographs were used to examine the structure of surface soil experienced a rainstorm , for the purpose of understanding the mechanism of soil crusting . it approved that soil crusting consists of depositional crust and structural crust . the curves of infiltration with time revealed four stages of crust formation 用电子扫描显微镜( sem )照片对比了土壤表面结构，分析了土壤的结皮机理，可以认为土壤结皮是由结构结皮和沉积结皮构成，入渗量与时间的历时曲线反映了结皮的四个形成过程。
The aim of this research was to confirm the rule of soil crusting and the factors affecting the process of soil crusting , and to analyze the relationship between the development of soil crust and rainfall splash erosion , furthermore to study the effect of soil crust on the process of erosion . we hope to provide scientific bases for soil erosion 本研究的主要目的是探明表土结皮的发育规律、影响因子，并且分析表土结皮的形成与土壤溅蚀的关系，以及表土结皮的发育与坡面侵蚀过程的交互动态影响作用，最终为坡面侵蚀研究提供科学依据。
The objectives of this study were : i ) to understand the mechanism of applying polyacrylamide ( pam ) to control crust formation , to increase infiltration and reduce soil erosion ; and ii ) to quantify the dynamics of soil erosion processes with rare earth elements ( ree ) tracers 本文的目的是研究利用聚丙烯酰胺( pam )作为土壤改良剂来抑制土壤表面结皮，增加降水入渗，减少土壤表面径流，降低土壤侵蚀；同时采用稀土元素( ree )示踪土壤侵蚀的动态过程，研究土壤侵蚀的动力学机理。
On the basis of analyzing infiltration process to different soil and water conservation tillage measures type , a increasing infiltration r ates model for different soil and water conservation tillage measures type by using water balance equation is woke out . 4 . accumulation depth and soil crust have a better affect to soil initial stage infiltration rates and a little affect to soil stable infiltration rates ( 4 )积水深度和土壤结皮对初始入渗速率影响较大，对稳定入渗速率影响不大，随着积水深度和结皮厚度的增大，这种情况尤为显著，如在积水深度为5cm和3cm情况下，稳定入渗速率在黄土高原沟壑区分别为0 . 57mm min和0 . 56mm min ，在黄土丘陵沟壑区分别为0 . 94mm min和0 . 93mm min ，两者相差甚微。
