In the passed 7 to 8 years , the quantity of enterprise merger and takeover has been increased in our country , which enlarged the influence to the economic gradually . comparing with the western developed countries , there are still a lot of problems in our national enterprises . the main problems are the lagged reformation of property right system , the lacked extending of advantage enterprises ; lagged making law of merger and takeover , the deviated government location , and the shortage and misunderstanding in running enterprises themselves 经过最近七、八年的发展，我国的企业并购数量逐渐增多，对经济的影响也逐步加大，但与西方经济发达国家相比，仍存在许多问题，主要有：企业的产权制度改革滞后，优势企业扩张乏力，并购立法滞后；政府定位偏差以及企业自身运作存在不足与误区等。
Since 1980 ' s , the new customer - oriented management theories , which pursue to satisfy and surpass customers " needs and desires , were first emerged in the western developed countries and then spread widely and rapidly all over the world . this is bound to happen because the corporation ' s manufacturing and operation activities originated from the needs of customers and ended in meeting customers " desires 20世纪80年代以来,以顾客为导向、力求满足和超越顾客需求和期望、追求顾客满意和顾客忠诚的经营管理的新理念,在经济发达国家首先形成并迅速发展,这并不是偶然的,而是由企业间的市场竞争日趋激烈和企业生存的基本要素决定的。
Sparedescription : based on the author s research and information from the usa and japan , the development trend of flood control and disaster mitigation in economically developed countries is introduced , including the follow aspects : flood risk management , floodplain management , flood control standard , city rainfall flood storage , levee construction technology , public participation , flood insurance , management of storage and detention zones , flood control investment , study on flood control and disaster mitigation , and formulation of related laws and regulations 描述:根据美、日等国最新文件和资料，结合作者多年的研究，简明地介绍经济发达国家在防洪减灾方面的最新发展趋势.内容涉及洪水灾害风险管理、泛滥原管理、防洪标准、城市雨洪调蓄、堤防建设技术、公众参与、洪水保险、蓄滞洪区管理、防洪投入、防洪减灾科学研究、法规建设等诸多内容
The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises , based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families , and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit . it also realized production specialization , product commercialization , service socialization and etc . the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad . although it is different in national conditions and actual practice , the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization . as the continuous reforming and opening up , china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization . the writer uses system changing theory , scale management theory , trade expense theory . market system theory and industrial economics theory , to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises , which is divided by ownership , organization form , contact form and product . the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market , the developing of high - benefit agriculture , establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system , region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area . the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale . continuous widening in fields , continuous enhancing in benefits , continuous improving in techology and quality . by finding the problem and shortage in product quality , developing ability and scale strength , the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system . the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level 文章研究了农业产业化经营的内涵，明确其以市场为导向、以龙头企业为依托、以一大批农户组成的农产品生产基地为基础，形成农工商有机结合、风险共担、利益均沾的本质特点，表现出生产专业化、经营一体化、企业规模化、产品商品化、服务社会化等特征。分析了国内外产业化经营的现状，认为尽管各国的国情不同，具体的做法和叫法不尽相同，但是经济发达国家都遵循市场经济规律，很自然走上了农业产业化经营的道路，发展中国家纷纷仿效，中国也随着改革开放不断深入，积极探索发展提高农业产业化经营水平。作者运用制度变迁理论、规模经营理论、交易费用理论、市场机制理论和产业经济学理论，提出了龙头企业从所有制形式、从组织形式、从联系方式及从产品上划分的主要类型；认为发展龙头企业有促进小生产与大市场的有效对接、推动优质高效农业纵深发展、建立贸工农一体化运行机制、振兴区域经济、加速城乡一体化进程等作用；考察了招远市壮大龙头企业推进农业产业化的现状，表现在规模不断扩大、领域不断拓宽、效益不断提高、技术不断改进、质量不断提高等方面；找出了龙头企业产品质量上、开发能力上、规模实力上和行业自律上的问题和差距，提出了要面向市场，努力提高农产品的质量和科技含量，多策并举，搞活投入机制，建立公平合理的利益联结机制，加强行业自律，提高企业经营管理水平等对策和建议。
With the rapid development of the high - tech industry , the trade secret become the new comer of the intellectual property family , which is different from the traditional intellectual property such as copyright , patent , trade marks . the most prominent trait of trade secret is its secrecy ; other obvious traits that include wide coverage and sliding development are according to the special requirement of the rapid development and growth of the high - tech industry . at modern time , developed countries , which are good at the high - tech industry almost , protect the trade secret by law on different degree and reinforce the protection of law in order to protect their own high - tech industry as well as to maintain the economic competition “商业秘密”做为智慧资产的新成员,是随着高新技术产业急速发展下应运而生的一种智慧财产权,不同于一般传统知识产权如专利、著作权与商标,商业秘密是以保密性做为其最显著的法律特征,而其拥有的涵盖面强、可扩充性与极大的弹性发展等特性,更是具备现代高新技术产业急速发展与成长的特殊要求,是以目前以高新技术产业见长的经济发达国家均对商业秘密的保护有不同程度的法律规范,并不时强化商业秘密保护法规的力度,主要是在保护本国高新技术产业的同时,能得以维持国家经济竞争力。
In chapter 7 , it chiefly , on a global basis , compares and analyzes and analyzes the development of hi - tech product export , including comparison and analysis between developed counties and between developing countries from different categories , tries to summarize the development rule on hi - tech industry and hi - tech product export via such comparison and researches 第七章，主要是从世界范围对于高新技术产品出口的发展进行比较分析，包括对于经济发达国家之间的比较分析，也包括对于不同类型的发展中国家的高新技术产品出口发展进行比较分析，通过比较研究对于高新技术产业和高新技术产品出口发展规律进行总结。
The foreword has briefly introduced the general situation of development of electric power industry . chapter 1 presents the theories of corporation capital structure and the theories of regulation . chapter 1 also discusses the differentiated methods of the enterprise financing styles and structure 引言简要介绍了电力产业发展概况；第一章介绍了相关的理论和融资方式及融资结构的定义、分类方法及选择；第二章介绍了经济发达国家和中国电力产业的投融资管制，在此基础上分析了管制的原因。
Through introducing the relevant formulations and the obstacles and defect of our laws , the article gives some advises to perfect our laws in the area of the stock options . the purpose is to explore the effective methods of perfecting our legal environments for the implementation of the stock options system 总体思路是通过介绍国际上经济发达国家在实行股票期权制度中的先进经验，对比我国现行规定的实际情况，提出适合我国国情的法律规定，以寻求完善我国实行股票期权制度的法律环境的可行途径。
For a long time , economic growth of our country has been relying on the input of resource mainly , technological change relative contribution rate in economic growth was only about 30 % , far lower than the economic developed country by 60 - 80 % of the levels , but also have certain disparity with average 35 % of the levels of developing countries 长期以来，我国的经济增长主要依靠资源的投入，技术变革对经济增长的相对贡献率只有30左右，不但远远低于经济发达国家60 ? 80的水平，而且与发展中国家平均35的水平还有一定的差距。
