Molecular systematics of partial species belonging to 5 subfamilies of miridae are investigated in this study by using esterase isozyme ( est ) and cytochrome b ( cyt b ) gene in mitochondrial dna as molecular marks 运用酯酶同工酶和线粒体dna中编码细胞色素b蛋白质的基因cytb作为分子标记，对盲蝽科miridae的5个亚科的部分种类进行了分子系统学研究。
Conclusion the mtdna sequencing system using new primers was useful for forensic purpose . for difficult samples , dna typing with this system was especially available and practical , and has been validated in criminal cases 结论本课题所建立的线粒体dna序列分析体系是一种对法医疑难检材进行鉴别的有效、实用的方法，并且本方法已经在实际案件检验中得到验证。
Then , if and when the mitochondrial dna gets mutated so that one or more of the 13 proteins are no longer being synthesised inside the mitochondria , it won ' t matter - - the mitochondria will be getting the same proteins from outside 那么，如果线粒体dna发生突变，以致13种蛋白质中的一种（或一种以上）不再在线粒体内被合成时，就没有什么关系了?线粒体将从外部得到相同的蛋白质。
Since genes in our chromosomes are very , very much better protected from mutations than the mitochondrial dna is , we can rely on the chromosomal copies carrying on working in very nearly all our cells for much longer than a currently normal lifetime 因为我们染色体比线粒体dna得到好得多的保护以防突变，所以，我们身体里几乎所有的细胞，都可以依靠染色体拷贝，比现在的正常寿命长得多地工作下去。
Rollo , of the university of camerino , in marche , italy , and his team carried out tests on mitochondrial dna on tissue samples taken from the mummy in 2000 and found two typical mutations that are common among men with reduced sperm mobility , the statement said 声明指出，罗洛和其研究小组对2000年时从这具木乃伊身上提取的组织样本进行了线粒体dna化验。他们发现两种典型的基因突变，而这两种突变通常是在精子活性减弱的男性中较为常见。
The methods of both amplification and dna sequencing with new primers were established . polymorphisms of mtdna control region in 5 ethnic groups in china were analyzed using the established methods to provide a basic database . molecular evolution and phylogenetic issues were discussed based on the mtdna database to understand genetic relationship of different ethnic groups in china 目的为了提高线粒体dna这一遗传标记的法医学鉴别能力，设计适合法医学检材的、覆盖mtdna控制区的扩增引物，建立新的扩增与测序方法；应用所建立的方法调查多民族mtdna控制区多态性，为涉及不同民族的mtdna序列分析提供群体遗传学基础；应用获得的数据进行分子进化分析，探讨各民族间的亲缘关系及同一民族内的分子进化问题。
The chilopoda and diplopoda are monophyletic group respectively . although there are some limitations , the mitochondrial dna as a model system is being used as a powerful tool in phylogeny analysis . it is the only molecular marker that can be used in the phylogenetic studies at genomic level 线粒体dna基因组全序列作为研究动物系统发生的模式系统，虽然有一定的缺陷，但仍是生物学家研究系统进化最有力的工具，它是目前唯一可以提供基因组水平上进行系统发生研究的分子标记。
The 301 - 330bp hypervariable ii - control - region sequence in mitochondrial ( mt ) dna genome from 18 individuals of one subspecies of great bustard ( o . t . dybowskii ) from breeding areas of northwest of songliao plain , southwest of hulunbeier plateau and wintering area of shandong yellow river nature reserve in china were sequenced and population analysis was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity 本文采集了中国境内松辽平原西北部繁殖地、呼伦贝尔高原西南部繁殖地及山东黄河三角洲自然保护区等地区大鸨东方亚种( o . tdybowskii ) 18个个体，对线粒体dna控制区高变区的部分序列进行了测定和群体分析，以评价当前中国境内的东方亚种的遗传多样性水平。
In addition , the nt - 3 and nt - 4 coding sequences were used to resolve the taxa problems of the giant panda and the red pandacaizurus fulgens ) , combining with mtdna genetic marker and other traditional taxonomic data . the result suggested that the giant panda should be classified as a separate subfamily within ursidae , while the red panda should be included in a monotypic family ailurdae 4基因的保守性，结合线粒体dna上的序列和其它传统分类学资料，对大熊猫及小熊猫的分类地位进行了探讨，认为应将小熊猫单独列为一科，大熊猫与小熊猫关系较远，应划入熊科。
A four - gene block , a rwo - trna gene cluster and six single trna genes involved in the rearrangement , the second gene rearrangement type of mitochondrial dna reported for any pancrustacea arthropod . comparisons of mitochondrial gene arrangements of decapod suggested that rearrangement of the four gene - block found in eriocheir is informative for high level phylogenetic study of decapod 发生重排的基因包括一个4基因块的重排、 1个2基因的trna基因簇的重排和6个单一trna基因的重排，形成泛甲壳类线粒体dna的另一种基因重排类型。
