Automatic differentiation ( ad ) , which is well recognized as the most promising differentiation algorithm in pso and has been developed rapidly in recent twenty years , is a technique for augmenting computer programs with derivative computations 在过程系统优化中，一个理想的求导算法应该能够快速求取程序模块的解析导数。近年来发展迅速的自动微分算法比较好地满足了这个条件，并已在优化中得到了广泛的应用。
A language processor that " collects " modules for loading and assigns their relative positions in storage ; in a virtual storage system , a collector attempts to place object code in pages / segments in such a way as to minimize virtual storage interrupts during processing 将程序模块“集中”起来装入且在存储器中分配其相对位置的语言处理器。在虚拟存储系统中，收集模块力图以最大限度地减少处理虚拟存储中断的方式将目标代码安排在页面或段中。
While it has been known at least since the mid - 70 ' s that structuring a collection of modules together into a system fundamentally different from traditional statement - level programming , it was not until the late 80 ' s that the term software architecture ( sa ) emerged 软件体系结构在20世纪70年代的时候由于人们利用一些程序模块的集合来组合成一个软件系统而被人们所认识(这有别于以往程序的语句级设计) ， 80年代软件体系结构作为一个计算机术语而正式被提出。
During the study of computer simulation , a new object - oriented simulation software dymola is used to program code module about the rotor system . simulation begins by using the finite - element models , a series of simulation figures are achieved . after simulation , experimental study begins 在计算机仿真研究中，本文采用了一种新型的面向对象的仿真软件dymola ，利用已经建好的有限元模型，编制各部分的程序模块，进行相应的仿真，得到了一系列的仿真波形图。
In the thesis the low drag - low noise optimization of the vehicle main form design is realized , main accomplishments are as follows . researched the knowledge of drag and flow noise , the parameters of the boundary layer are calculated by the hess - smith method and boundary layer momentum integral method . the calculation of the length of transition zone and change in boundary layer displacement thickness between laminar and turbulent states in the transition is improved , then the drag coefficient and self - noise from the transition zone are calculated as the objective functions of the optimization 主要研究内容和成果如下：对航行器绕流流场进行分析，深入研究了阻力和流噪声产生机理，建立了阻力系数和自噪声的评估数值计算模型；采用物面分布源汇法和边界层动量积分法对绕流流场的流体动力参数进行计算，改进了转捩区长度和边界层位移厚度的计算，应用于航行器头部驻点自噪声的计算；最后设计了阻力系数和自噪声数值计算程序模块。
Design the software of compton back - scattering imaging scanner , point out the functions of this software . give out the program modules in which the directory and contents of this software is included . give out the interfaces of the main program modules and describe the meanings of operating elements on these program interfaces briefly 指明了本应用软件的功能，主要是控制三维扫描运动和源的工作位置、数据采集和处理以及文件管理和帮助等;给出了程序结构模块，从中列出了软件所含的主要目录;给出了几个主要的程序模块的界面，简要说明了界面中各操作对象的含义。
The lower computer system software was developed with 8098 assemble language of mcs - 96 series and composed of modules of main program , time interrupt service routine , receiving interrupt service routine , data collection subroutine , data processing subroutine and control subroutine 下位机系统软件采用mcs - 96系列的8098单片机汇编语言来开发，主要由主程序模块、定时中断服务程序模块、接收中断服务程序模块、数据采集子程序模块、数据处理子程序模块和控制子程序模块组成。
To realize the estimating scores of the test . there mainly to be the using of database theory ( such as the sql language also the conversions of odbc joins in different databases ) and advanced programing tools ( vb6 ) . by the conversion of estimation model from abstract to materiality to get the aim that the computer could deal with real database model and program module , then make it into reality that the computer can estimate scores 考试判分在具体实现的时候主要利用了数据库基本原理(比如sql语句和odbc接口在不同数据库间数据的转换)和先进的程序设计工具( vb6 ) 。通过对判分模型从抽象到具体的转化，达到计算机能够处理的具体数据库模式和程序模块，最终实现计算机自动判分。
System integration : integrates the cutter radius compensation , control interface , dsp main program module & controlled plant to realize the whole system linkage well . the dsp , matlab and java technology used by this dissertation are all very popular in the application study field 系统集成：将用matlab所开发的刀具半径补偿模块、用java所开发的人机交互控制界面模块、用c语言所开发的dsp主控程序模块以及被控对象作一个系统化集成，从而实现本课题所研究系统的整机联动。
The new developed methodology shows a great improvement and development compared with the traditional one . its differences from the traditional redevelopment method are that the new method adopts the component technology , which applies general gis operational function to specific geographic regions and creates a new programming module 与传统的开发方法不同的是该方法采用了组件技术，将一定区域的地理信息连同有关的gis功能操作融合为一个可重用的程序模块即“面向区域”的gis控件。
