The results showed that the genes and amino acids of goat fsh - a and p subunits all have very high homology with other mammals and their homology all exceed 80 % . these results proved that fsh - a subunit has high conservation among mammals and fsh - p subunit is also quite conservative among mammals although it shows species specificity . goat fsh - a and p subunit genes were reamplified respectively by the new primers which had the corresponding restriction enzymes 结果显示山羊fsh - 、亚基基因及其各自对应的氨基酸与其他哺乳动物的同源性都非常高，一般均在80以上，验证了在同一种内，甚至在所有的哺乳动物中fsh -亚基是极为保守的；而fsh -亚基尽管具有种属特异性，但也是相当保守的。
We synthetically discussed intraspecific differentiation and evolution , from four biotic levels of population , individual , cell and gene . intraspecific differentiations in morphology were investigated firstly . the results indicated that there are varied polymorphsim within populations , and obvious polytypism among populations 本文在形态分类的基础上，根据居群生物学的原理和方法，对淡黄花百合的形态学、细胞学、分子生物学进行了研究，从居群、个体、细胞和基因四个层次综合探讨了该种植物的种内分化与进化。
In the artificial - planting , the strain of cordyceps militaris is easy to degenerate . at present , the study about the fungus in cordyceps genus are just in the identification of fungi 、 the nutrition analysis 、 the using in medicine and artificial - planting . although , it could reduce the lost by the usual breeding way , we could not solve the problem at basic . about the degeneration of strain , people mostly use the gender - cycling 、 the fusing - cytoplasmic technology and the genetic - engineering method to reform the strain . most of people use moleculor method in the study of relationships among the species and between the species 用常规选育方法虽然能减少一定的损失，但不能从根本上解决菌种退化这一长期困扰企业生产的问题。针对菌种退化问题，主要是利用有性循环、原生质体融合和遗传工程等途径进行菌株改良，应用分子生物学手段只是研究种内、种间的系统关系等，而关于菌种退化遗传机理的研究尚未见报道。菌种退化是菌类栽培过程中普遍存在的，也是生产当中迫切希望得到解决的问题。
One hundred and seven isolates belonging to 12 chinese armillaria species and their relatives occurring in japan , europe and north america were subjected to a restriction analysis of intergenic spacer region ( igs - rflp ) using four restriction enzymes . the analysis revealed a total of 36 different rflp patterns 用pcr扩增12个中国蜜环菌生物种及其相关的欧洲、北美和日本蜜环菌种的107个菌株的基因间隔区( igs )序列，用alui 、 hae 、 hinfi 、 tagi4种内切酶进行消化，结果产生了36个不同的rflp图谱类型。
There are at least three kinds of ep in petal : thiol - proteinase , metallo - proteinase , serine proteinase . they gather at the site between 43 kd and 66 . 2 kd ( about 52 kd ) on the substrate gel electrophoresis . the optimum ph of thiol - proteinase , metallo - proteinase is ph 6 , which are looked as acid ep , the serine proteinase has two forms , one is acid ep ( ph 6 ) , and the other is alkali ( ph 10 ) 花瓣中都至少有3种内肽酶：巯基蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶，三者聚集在底物胶电泳胶条的43kd 66 . 2kd之间的位置，约为52kd ；前两种最适ph为6 ，是酸性内肽酶，后一种有酸( ph6 ) 、碱( ph10 )两种存在形式，既是酸性内肽酶又是碱性内肽酶。
Under cold stress condition , cold hardiness of 12 vitis species including 45 lines ( cultivars ) was identified based on the leakage of electrolytes , water loss ratio and percentage of bud bursting on the stem and estimated the hardiness resistance of 12 v . species by the average of subordinate function ( sf ) 摘要在冷冻胁迫条件下，测定了葡萄属12个种45个株系枝条的膜透性变化、含水量动态变化及萌芽能力3项指标，并以种内不同株系间3项指标的平均值综合评价了12个种的抗寒性。
As analyzed , ( 1 ) the rapd technique is highly sensitive to investigating genetic diversity in t . lepturus and e . muticus . t . lepturus exhibits lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than e . muticus ; ( 2 ) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene sequences , a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found , which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16s rrna gene ; ( 3 ) five primers generate the species - speeific rapd sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and ( 4 ) it can be proved at dna variation level that t . lepturus and e . muticus are of two species respectively pertainiag to different genera , which supported the nelson taxonomic conclusion 分析结果表明: ( 1 ) rapd技术研究黄海带鱼和小带鱼的遗传多样性具有较高的灵敏度和检出率，带鱼的多态比例和遗传多态度均较小带鱼的低; ( 2 )线粒体165出凶a基因序列在分析两物种遗传变异时表现出保守和变异的双重特性，种内变异极小而种间较大: ( 3 ) 5个随机引物扩增出种特异的ra卫d带，可作为种间分子鉴定标记; ( 4 )研究证实带鱼和小带鱼是不同属的两个种，从而在分子水平上支持了nelson分类系统的观点。
These groups did not correlate closely with leaf or flower color , but there were similarities for leaf and / or flower color in some subgroups . two accessions ofl . chinense showed closely with 2 small - leaf accessions of l . chinense vai . rubrum . the distances between l . chinense and l . chinense vai . semper - rubrum was closer than that between l . chinense and l . chinense var . rubrum （ 5 ） 7与9 ， 8与10 ， 13与16在形态上都有较大差异，但rapd结果表明二者的距离较近，说明种内形态差异较大的个体之间的遗传距离有时可能也比较近。
Our results imply that mutual interference in a species may result in coexistence of the two competing species and demonstrate that those time delays do not influence the competitive outcome of the organisms . ii ) the asymptotic behaviour of the chemostat model with mutual interference or without mutual interference is studied . for the two models with delay , the uniform persistence of the models are both proved under the conditions of the existence of the positive equilibrium 二、研究了无种内竞争和有种内竞争的具有阶段结构的时滞恒化器模型的渐近性态，对于两类模型，都在正平衡点存在性的条件下证明了该系统的一致持续生存，对于两类相应的常微系统的模型，均在正平衡点存在性的条件下证明了该正平衡点的全局稳定性。
The partial sequences of the mitochondrial co i , co ii and trna gene of the adults and larvae of 4 species from lepidostomatidae and the adults and larvae of apsilochorema unculatum and a . hwangi were sequenced and compared in this study . in the sequences obtained ( 1718 ~ 2239bp ) , a % + t % was about 69 . 2 % , 267 nucleotide sites were substituted in apsilochorema and 266 nucleotide sites were substituted in lepidostomatidae . at bias in the third codon position site was much higher than the other two sites , reaching about 81 . 9 % {的比对分析表明:在coi区的一45一个比对位点中，有1260个保守位点， 191个变异位点，其中98个转换位点， 93个颠换位点;发生在密码子第三、第一和第二位点的变异分别为78 % 、 18 %和4 % ;种内序列歧异度为o一0 . 9 % ，而种间为一4 %一24 % 。
