Abstract : latest progress in oil refining catalyst techniques abroad was reviewed , including fcc , hydrofining , hydrotreating , hydrocracking and catalytic reforming catalysts , with emphasis on new products of some representative producers of oil refining catalysts 文摘:以国外炼油催化剂生产具有代表性的大公司推荐的新产品为例，综述了催化裂化、加氢精制、加氢处理、加氢裂化和催化重整五类石油炼制催化剂的技术发展近况，并列举了部分应用实例。
Failing to install desulphurizing installations or take other measures for desulphurization in accordance with relevant regulations of the state by enterprise that discharge sulphide - bearing gas in the process of refining petroleum , producing synthetic ammonia or coal gas , cooking fuel coal and smelting non - ferrous metal （二）排放含有硫化物气体的石油炼制、合成氨生产、煤气和燃煤焦化以及有色金属冶炼的企业，不按照国家有关规定建设配套脱硫装置或者未采取其他脱硫措施的。
As the emphasis of this paper , the third chapter focuses on how to build the chinese oil enterprises into giant oil companies to meet the market economy so and international competition . with adoption of comparison study method , this chapter studies the theories concerning the corporate strategic management and borrows experiences in managerial pattern and decision - making pattern from foreign oil giants . facing the increasingly intense competition and the rising demand for energy with large foreign oil companies access into the chinese oil market , it is necessary to boost the competitiveness of china ' s oil enterprises so that they can take advantage of the resources and market both at home and abroad and implement the wto - oriented development strategies , including integration strategy , diversification strategy , conglomeration strategy , internationalization strategy , petroleum price strategy , oil refining and distribution strategy , innovation strategy and corporate image strategy 作为本文的重点，在解决行业管理体制和企业内部运行机制的问题后，本文第三章根据企业战略管理有关理论，运用比较研究的方法，在对国外大石油公司管理模式和战略制定模式进行研究的前提下，以把中国石油企业打造成适应市场经济和国际竞争的大石油公司为战略出发点，面对国外大石油公司纷纷进入中国石油市场、竞争不断加剧、能源需求不断增加等挑战，从培养中国石油企业核心竞争力的角度，以两利用两种资源、两个市场为基础，比较全面地提出了中国石油企业在加入wto后的发展战略，主要包括：一体化战略、多样化战略、集团化经营战略、国际化经营战略、石油价格战略、石油炼制与销售战略、创新战略和企业形象战略。
The construction of the expressway needs high - quality a large number of to accord with the pitch which standardize the request , a large number of expressway recoverable amount is expected much too , and of our country petroleum refine technological level there is sure disparity compared with advanced country ' s level in the world , performance its difficult to meet fast , heavily loaded traffic and different climate request of terms , so in situation have heavy change and educational level have heavy prerequisite of improvement , can only rely on import under prerequisite that import volume increases fast year by year , pitch of our country , , import to our country pitch get the new demand out of in purchasedding , transported , supplied etc . , and dimple a lot of and ca n ' t meet the new situation , respect of the new demand from it 高速公路的建设需要大量优质符合规范要求的沥青，大量高速公路保有量也要求大量的养护沥青，但由于我国油源的特点大多含蜡量较高，且我国石油炼制工艺水平与世界先进国家水平比还有一定的差距，其性能难以适应快速、重载交通及不同气候条件的要求，因此，在形势没有大的改变和文化水平没有大的提高的前提下，只能依靠进口。在我国沥青进口量逐年快速增加的前提下，对我国进口沥青在采购、运输、供应等方面提出了新要求，而从中也现出许多不能适应新形势、新要求的方面。
