The discussed subjects include the modeling of image , the method used to estimate the initial values of the elements of exterior orientation , the strong correlation among the elements of exterior orientation , the ways to restrain it , the methods of object point positioning on the orientated stereo image pair etc . 3 详细讨论了线阵ccd影像的构像模型，估算外方位元素初值的方法，外方位元素之间的相关性及克服其相关性的解算方法，在定向后的线阵ccd影像立体像对上进行目标点定位的方法等。
Taking the characteristics of road and bridge engineering into account , this paper makes systematic analysis and study on applications of static gps in data processing of surveying in road and bridge engineering : the feasibility of using single point positioning result as starting point is studied and the influence of it on baseline solution is discussed ; on account that the software provided along with instrument by vendors usually does not support coordinates in the independent engineering coordinates system from gps observations , a simple and effective method is represented for the gps data processing in the independent engineering coordinates system and is programmed . through real examples the method and programs are testified ; from gps surveying the wgs - 84 coordinates are acquired , while in reality coordinates in local coordinate system are needed , so conversion from wgs - 84 coordinates to local coordinates is necessary 结合路桥工程的特点，对静态gps在路桥工程控制测量中的数据处理作了系统的分析和研究： ?对单点定位结果作为起算点的可行性进行了研究，并探讨其对基线解算的影响； ?鉴于商家提供的随机软件往往不支持利用gps观测得到工程独立坐标系中坐标，为工程独立坐标系gps数据处理提供了一种简便有效的方法，并编制了相关的处理程序，通过实例验证，程序是正确的、方法是可行的； ? gps测量得到的是wgs - 84坐标，而实用上需要的是地方坐标系坐标，因而得把wgs - 84坐标转换地方坐标系坐标。
It brings up the technical line , the methods and the steps of the location establishment of the land price monitoring points . moreover , it studies the core techniques of the location establishment of the land price monitoring points including the technique of standard scores choice , the technique of standard units choice and the technique of land price monitoring points location . finally , it brings up the location establishment scheme of the land price monitoring points in chongqing municipality 第四部分：地价监测点定位配置城市地价动态监测体系建设研究本部分就地价监测点的定位配置问题进行探讨，提出了地价监测点定位配置的技术路线以及方法步骤，并在定位配置的标志分值选择技术、标志单元选择技术和地价监测点定位技术这些关键技术问题上进行深入的探讨、最后提出重庆市主城区地价监测点定位配置方案。
In general , three main steps can be distinguished in tackling the problem . first , before a facial expression can be analyzed , the face must be detected in a scene . based on color transformation and a novel lighting compensation technique , skin regions can be detected over the entire image ; then eye and mouth maps are constructed for verifying each face candidates 所提出的人脸表情的自动识别方法主要分为三步，首先是人脸检测，文中提出了一种基于色彩空间转换和亮度补偿的肤色检测算法，然后通过构建眼，嘴模板来进行人脸的特征点定位，以及获得图像中人脸所在区域。
In chapter 3 , the push / pull pattern is gived out for the system realtime alarm . and the file interface of the alarm data , the algorithm of alarm position based on mapping and the algorithm of alarm icon position on the topological graph are designed . after explaining the principle of network software development using the windows socket , the push technology based on csocket is adopted to push alarm event and the pull technology based on http to pull the alarm page 第三章，给出了实时告警的push pull模式，设计了告警数据文件接口、基于映射的告警点定位新算法和告警图标网络拓扑图上定位算法，给出了基于windowssocket进行网络应用开发的原理，采用基于csocket的push技术来实现告警事件的推送，利用传统的基于http的pull技术来实现告警页面的拉取。
