The fractal dimension of the quercus liaotungensis , the grassland and the shrub landscape elements in wutai mountain is rather low , which shows that the quercus liaotungensis , the grassland and the shrub landscape are interfered quite little by human activities . summarily , we can conclude that the wutai mountain is a preferable site for ecological tour , but the rather big difference between the areas of each landscape element , the quite low diversity , the rather high degree of dominance as well as the influence of human activities are all the problems to be solved in the future management of the wutai mountain 从五台山各类景观要素的分维研究中可以看出，各景观要素的分维数普遍较低，说明各景观要素的斑块形状较为简单，受人为干扰较小；分维数较低的有辽东栎林景观、温带灌丛景观、温带灌草丛及温带草原景观和山地草甸景观，这说明在该地区与其它植被景观相比，辽东栎林景观、温带灌丛景观、温带灌草丛及温带草原景观和山地草甸景观受人为活动的干扰较小，干扰程度低，天然状态保持较好。
In preliminary vegetation succession from abandoned land community to herbage community , the increasing degree is higher . and with further succession which is herbage - shrub - early forest - liaotungesis forest community it goes down gradually . ( 2 ) the water content in 0 - 5cm soil layer increases significantly and the water content in > 5cm soil layer decreases in the course of vegetation succession 演替初期(弃耕-地先锋群落草本群落)有机碳含量的增加幅度较大，而后，随植被的进一步演替(草本群落灌丛群落早期森林群落辽东栎群落) ，有机碳含量增加幅度变小。
The soil nutrient contents of total nitrogen , total phosphor us and total potassium were studied at the same time . and then , the probable correlations between the quantities of microorganisms and soil nutrient content were analyzed . the results suggested that soil water content decreased with the depth increasing , this value of soil water was the highest in plot g1 ( coniferous forest ) , because of the highest altitude 同一林型下不同土壤深度，养分全量差异显著，且随深度增加而显著减小，不同林型植被之间，全磷含量差异显著，全钾含量在高山柳灌丛( l _ 3 )与洗澡塘沟羊茅群落( l _ 4 )之间差异显著，说明植被类型的不同，对土壤养分全量也有一定的影响。
Soil water content was measured at 28 points in the catchment . biomass and productivity of the plant communities , transpiration rates of dominant plants , and plant community diversity were also measured at various points along the slope . l . in general , it seemed that soil water content increased from the top to the bottom of the catchment . , 在相似植被及坡面形状条件下，土壤水分沿坡面向上逐渐降低；植被类型及其分布与土壤水分的坡面分布密切相关，对上述趋势有减弱的作用，研究发现在偏旱的2002年生长季末，阴坡灌丛坡面坡下的土壤水分含量明显低于坡上。
The project initiated by scientists from university of california and co - operated scientists from haibei research station , cas . the objectives of the experimental are to examine how the vegetation and soil in sites with low and high grazing intensity and with two habitat types ( meadow and shrubland ) respond to climate warming . the research will include plant community , phenology , growth allocation and soil temperature , soil nutrient availability , decomposition , and mineralization 自1997年起，海北站与美国加利佛尼亚大学的科学家合作建立了32个greenhouse ，分别建在不同放牧强度下的高寒草甸和高寒灌丛中，研究的目的是探索植被和土壤在不同放牧强度下对气候变暖的响应，其中包括植物群落、物候学、土壤温度、土壤营养、分解和矿化作用等。
In different phases of development , vegetation systems in this region have changed from pioneer herbage species initially recovering in abandoned cropping lands ( bothriochloa ischemum , artenmisia giradii and stipa bungeana , artenmisia sacrorum , spodiopogen sibiricus and sophora flavecens , themeda japonica , and arundinella anomala ) to secondary shrubs ( hippophae rhamnoides , sophora viciifdia , and ostryopsis davidiana ) , early forest community ( populus davidiana , betula platyphylla and platycladus orientalis with arbors or shrub assembling ) , and finally liaotungesis community as the mature forest . in this study , soil profiles ( 0 - 5 , 5 - 15 , 15 - 25 , 25 - 35 , 35 - 50 cm soil layers ) were selected from typical vegetation systems representing for vegetation successions in the region 该区北部目前还保存有空间上完整的植被正向演替系列，即弃耕地先锋群落草本群落(白羊草bothriochloaischemum 、茭蒿artenmisiagiradii +长茅草stipabungeana 、铁杆蒿artenmisiasacrorum 、大油芒spodiopogensibiricus +苦参sophoraflavecens 、黄菅草themedajaponica或野古草arundinellaanomala )灌丛群落(沙棘hippophaerhamnoides 、狼牙刺sophoraviciifdia 、虎榛子ostryopsisdavidiana )早期森林群落(乔灌群聚、山杨populusdavidiana 、白桦betulaplatyphylla 、侧柏platycladusorientalis 、 )辽东栎群落( quercusliaotungensis ) 。
The paper establishes a ecological transect , with a length of 90 km and width of 16 km , utilizing the part of tm data on 16th august 1998 , from harbin to the natural secondary forests in maoershan , heilongjiang province . with supervised classification , the tm data which had been corrected and enhanced via erdas , combining the data of gps in the field , was classified by seven types including : residential area , glebe , paddy field 本论文利用1998年8月16日的tm卫星数据的一部分，设置从黑龙江省哈尔滨市到帽儿山天然次生林区，长90km ，宽16km的生态研究样带。通过用erdas对卫星数据的校正、图像增强等处理，结合gps野外实地调查数据，进行有监督分类。共分为7种类型：居民点、旱田、水田、河流、灌丛、阔叶林、针叶林，并建立了卫星影像分类解译标志。
In this paper , two major types , the natural vegetation and crop vegetation in luota are studied . we can gain the different distributive area by remote sensing technology , in accordance with conifer forest , broadleaf forest , thick shrub forest , shrub forest , herbs shrub forest , herbs naked rock and crop vegetation . the valuation of the output of standing trees , water conserbancy , soil conserbation to control erosion and purify the air is the main basis which is used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of the conifer forest and broadleaf forest of luotathe result reveal that the total ecological function value of the forest which area is 1388 . 8 hm2 is estimated up to 18 . 36 million yuan per annum . the synthetic valuation system of luota vegetation is put forward by the valuation of per hm2 in evergreen - deciduous forest , conifer forest , conifer and broadleaf forest , broadleaf forest , scatteredtree - shrub forest , coppice - shrub forest , herbs shrub forest , econamic crop and cereal crops . the plant resources is valued according to the ornamental and green plant . lumber trees and medical plant . ornamental plant includes hosta plantaginea . lilium brownii van viridulum , spiraea cantomiensis and so on . lumber tuees includes zzzelkova schneideriana , emmenopterys henryi , catalpa fargesii and so on 本文把洛塔现存植被分为自然植被与栽培植被两大类进行研究，通过遥感技术对现存植被按针叶林、阔叶林、密灌、灌丛、草灌、荒草裸岩、农作物植被等类型进行分布面积的统计，在此基础上，以林产品价值、涵养水源价值、保护土壤价值和净化空气价值作为估算的主要参考依据，对已成林的针叶林与阔叶林进行森林生态系统的价值估算，得出面积为1388 . 8hm ~ 2的针叶阔叶林的森林生态价值为1836 . 37万元，参照这一生态价值量，把洛塔植被按常绿落叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林、疏林?灌丛、矮灌丛、荒草灌丛、经济作物和粮食作物，以每hm ~ 2的价值量提出了洛塔植被的综合价值体系。
