After contrasting and analyzing the two common used measure method of discontinuity , a modified method that is elaborate method of joint surveying is put forward for the first time . rational method to get spacing of joints is researched utilizing lots of statistical results . according to the theory of minimal valid length of scanline , 5m is chose as appropriate statistical section length to obtain the successive values of those indices indicating rock mass structure , they are spacing , number and total length of joint 本文在对比分析目前两种常用的结构面测量方法优缺点基础上，首次提出了一种改进的结构面测量方法?节理详细精测法，并利用大量的统计结果，研究合理的间距取值方法，根据间距无偏差测量的最小有效测线长度理论，选择5m作为统计区间长度，获得了节理间距、条数、总长度随洞深的连续变化值。
( 3 ) the author applied wavelet analysis in the data processing of airborne radioactive survey , and analyzed the effect of wavelet used in spectrum data processing , line data processing and region data processing . the author had proved that the wavelet used in spectrum data processing can gain more true and more ideal information than traditional data processing method , and can accurately identify information which is beyond main energy windows by practice data . the author considered it is effective to extract abnormal information when the wavelet used in line data processing , and it is effective to eliminate the belt of airborne radioactive survey data when the wavelet used in region data processing 有效的融合了遥感航测信息，提高了工作效率； ( 2 )根据光学有关物理性质，制作的模拟反射率图，囊括了tm数据七个波段的信息，使得图像质量、地物分辨率得到了提高； ( 3 )在航放数据处理过程中引入了小波分析，系统分析了小波在处理单点数据、测线数据、测区数据的应用效果；用试验数据证明了小波处理单点数据可得到较传统数据处理方法更为真实、理想的谱数据，能准确的识别主能量窗以外的信息；认为处理线数据，可以提取埋藏于噪音中的异常信息；处理测区数据，对消除航放数据的条带有一定的效果。
With a purpose to provide basic data or figures for the feasible research of a project construction and its planning , taking the practical project of preselecting a factory location for an instance , using the principle and method of shallow seismic reflection , based on the area conditions , differences in physical features and disturbance , with experiments on typical sections of the construction area , one can draw reasonable measuring lines , choose right modes of producing and receiving waves , conduct primary and precise computer data processing , acquire a distinct reflected wave section from a shallow depth and explore the stratum structure in the preselected location and the distribution of longitudinal waves 摘要结合某重大工程预选厂址项目的工程实例，利用浅层地震反射波法的原理和方法，根据现场的场地条件、物性差异和干扰情况等，结合典型地段的试验，合理布置测线，选择恰当的激发和接收方式，进行初步和精细的计算机资料处理，可以得到清晰的浅层反射剖面，准确地查明了预选厂址的地层结构和纵波速度分布，为工程建设的可行性研究和规划提供了基础资料。
The main results of this thesis are as following : brings forward one improved algorithmic of computing the multi - fractals spectrum of seismic records ; acquires the multi - fractals spectrum of this area ; advances and realizes the arithmetic of fractal grey identification of three - dimensional seismic data ; educes satisfying forecast result of the oil & gas distributing of single geodesic and the whole area of layer of aotaoxi in this field ; develops triumphantly software about the theory of fractal used in oil & gas detection and affords a new thoughtway and a new method for the forecast of oil & gas 本文的主要成果是：提出了一种求地震记录多重分形谱的改进算法：获得了该区模式井的多重分形谱图；成功提出并实现了三维地震资料的分形灰色识别算法：得出该区奥陶系储层油气分布的单测线以及区域满意的预测结果；完成了分形理论用于油气检测中的软件包，为油气检测这一课题提供了一种新思路、新方法。
It ' s found that the best absolute lateral resolution of the velocity on the hq - 13 profile is about 30 kilometer , while that of the depth parameter on this profile can be smaller than 10 kilometer . both of the velocity and depth parameter points are of 20 kilometers interval on the four profiles in yunnan region , their lateral resolution are also detected by the checker - board - test method 检测板试验的结果表明， hq - 13线速度地壳速度结构横向变化的最佳绝对分辨应在30km左右，该测线上界面形态横向变化的绝对分辨可以达到10km以内；取速度节点间距和界面深度节点间距均为20km的检测板试验表明，云南地区四条测线地壳内界面形态的横向分辨良好。
Secondly , based on the improved algorithmic of computing the multi - fractals spectrum of seismic records , aiming at the given seismic data , we extract some character parameters of multi - fractals . following that , we select the useful parameters . finally , we fulfill the successful forecast of single geodesic and the whole area of upside layer of aotaoxi in some oil field based on oil attributes of the wells we have known , using the method of grey pattern identification , and get good comments from some experts of the same vocation 论文首先介绍了一般分形和多重分形的基本理论和算法：其次，用作者提出的一种求地震记录多重分形谱的改进算法，对给定的地震道数据进行多重分形特征参数的提取；接着优选出油气识别用的多重分形特征参数；最后，根据已知井位的油气属性，用灰色模式识别方法实现了某油fr奥陶系上部储层单测线及区域油气产出前景的成功预测，得到了同行专家的好评。
It shows that the resolution of the crust interface ' s shape on this four profiles is very good , nevertheless that of the velocity structure is relatively poor . the crust and upper mantle ' s fine configuration on the hq - 13 profile is obtained by our tomography , which reveals some important structure and dynamic features of this region : the velocity structure of the crust consists of three layers , the upper crust , the middle crust and the lower crust . however it also can be divided into six lateral blocks , each of them " s velocity is always higher or lower than that of its neighboring blocks 本文第五章利用有限差分反演和射线反演的方法获得了符离集?奉贤地震测深剖面( hq - 13线)精细的地壳上地幔结构剖面，揭示出下扬子地区一些重要的结构和动力学特征：地壳速度结构在纵向上大致可分上地壳、中地壳和下地壳三部分，横向上可划分为6个块体，各块体的p波速度沿测线方向呈现高速?低速?高速的组合。
Four arrays of apparent resistivity are arranged at this measuring surface of granite sample symmetrically with symmetrical four - electrode method , and at an angle of 45 between any two adjacent arrays . the elastic constraint is exerted on 4 surfaces for parallel to the longest dimension of the sample . the samples are compressed along the direction parallel to the longest dimension of the cubic , and the variation of apparent resistivity during the whole loading process is observed 在花岗岩标本测量面上，布设4条夹角互为45的视电阻率测线，将标本平行长轴方向的4个面加上弹性约束，沿标本长轴方向加压，测量标本视电阻率随轴向应力的变化，实验结果为： 1岩石视电阻率变化形态显上升-平稳-下降形态，但平稳段不明显，时间很短2视电阻率开始下降时间，比其他受力方式实验结果都早，约提前10 %破裂应力。
Based on an analysis of the sources of errors in airborne gravity measurements , an error model is studied to constructed mathematically which can characterize the change of systematic errors , with which the network adjustment is carried out and the model parameters are determined simultaneously . and finally , the compensation of systematic errors is realized 航空重力测量测线网平差就是在分析、总结航空重力测量的主要误差源基础上，研究建立反映航空重力观测系统误差变化规律的误差模型，根据交叉点不符值条件，平差求解各测线上重力观测值系统误差改正数，然后对各测线上所有重力观测值进行改正(补偿) 。
