The water - holding capacity of altinglia gracilipes , schima superba , fokienia hodginsii and cunninghamia lanceolata planted under cunninghamia lanceolata ecological public welfare forest was studied from forest canopy , shrub and herb layer , litter layer and soil layer 摘要分别从林冠层、林下植被层、凋落物层及土壤层对杉木人工生态公益林林冠下营造的细柄阿丁枫、木荷、建柏和杉木纯林的持水功能进行了研究。
Forests as an adjuster for ecological balance in mountain areas play important roles in soil and water conservation , runoff and silt retardance etc . especially , forests are regarded as " forest reservoir " due to their great hydrological regulation functions through canopy , undergrowth , litterfall and soil layers 森林是山地生态平衡的重要调节器，特别是其水源涵养、理水保土、缓洪滞淤的功能对于山地面积大的福建省显得极为重要。森林通过林冠层、林下植被层、枯枝落叶层以及土壤层发挥良好的涵养水源、保持水土、削峰滞洪等“森林水库”的功能。
Mongolica young stand , secondary natural forest , and the mixed forest of larix olgensis and fraxinus mandshurica rupr . . countermeasures for controlling soil degradation were also recommended . the study got following results : ( 1 ) from young stand to mid - age of larix olgensis , with the closure of canopy and the decrease of undergrowth vegetation cover , soil acidity , enzyme activity , total inorganic phosphorus , available k , soil moisture and total porosity decreased significantly ; while soil organic matter content , humus component content , the amount of three main types of microbes , acid phosphatase activity , and bulk density in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil increased with the increase of the amount of forest floor litter ; from mid - age stand to near mature stand , with the decrease of stand density and crown cover as well as the restoration of undergrowth vegetation after preliminary thinning , soil organic matter content , fulvic acid , exchangeable acidity , exchangeable aluminium , neutral phosphatase activity , total amount of inorganic phosphorus , the amount of actinomycetes , soil moisture , and total porosity in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil apparently increased ; from near matu re stand to mature stand , soil activity acidity , organic matter content , humus component content , available phosphorus , total amount of amino acid , available k , soil enzyme activity , soil moisture , and total porosity in rhizosphere soil and non - rhizosphere soil decreased , but total phosphorus , soil acidity ( in particular , exchangeable aluminium ) , and bulk density increased 结果表明： ( 1 )从落叶松幼龄林到中龄林，随着林冠的郁闭和林下植被盖度的急剧下降，林地土壤酸度、土壤酶活性、无机磷总量、速效钾、土壤水分含量、总孔隙度呈明显下降趋势，而根际和非根际土壤有机质含量、腐殖质各组分含量、三大类微生物数量、酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤容重随着凋落物的增加呈明显上升趋势；从中龄林到近熟林，由于抚育间伐，林分密度及郁闭度下降，林下植被盖度逐步得到恢复，根际与非根际土壤有机质含量、富里酸、交换性酸、交换性铝、中性磷酸酶、无机磷总量、放线菌数量、土壤水分含量、总孔隙度呈明显的上升趋势；从近熟林到成熟林，随着林龄的增大，根际与非根际土壤活性酸、有机质含量、腐殖质各组分含量、有效磷含量、氨基酸总量、速效钾、土壤酶的活性、土壤水分含量和总孔隙度呈下降趋势，而根际与非根际土壤全磷含量、土壤酸度(特别是交换性铝)和容重呈增加趋势。
1 . based on the data of analysis , using theories and methods of mathematical statistics , two of interception models by canopy of picea crassifolia are established as follows : the regression model on the relationship between penetration rainfall ( p , ) inside forest and total rainfall ( p ) outside of forest : pj = 0 . 8245p - 1 . 372 ( r = 0 . 99 ) ; the model on the relationship between interception rate ( ir ) and rainfall : ir = - 10 . 7111n ( p ) . ( r = 0 . 7524 ) the results show that penetration rainfall inside forest increases with total rainfall outside of forest in linearity , and to certain extent , penetration rainfall inside by canopy also increases with total rainfall outside ; the correlations of the interception rate to rainfall and intensity of rainfall are significant and the intercepted rate by canopy of picea crassifrlia is diminished with the increase of rainfall and rainfall intensity , and increase with the increase of canopy density 1在利用数理统计原理和方法对实测资料进行综合分析的基础上，建立了青海云杉林林冠截留降水模型：林内透过雨量与降雨量回归模型： p _ i = 0 . 8245p - 1 . 372 ( r = 0 . 99 ) ；林冠的截留率与降雨量的模型： i _ r = - 10 . 711ln ( p ) ( r = 0 . 7524 ) ；分析模型表明：林内透过雨量与降雨量呈良好的线性关系，在一定的降雨量范围内，林内透过雨量随降雨量的增加而增加；林冠截留率与降雨量、降雨强度之间也呈良好的关系，林冠截留率随降雨量和降雨强度的增大而减小，随郁闭度的增加而增大。
For the soil infiltration , generally , the order of the original and stable infiltration speed from big to small is the inner , the outer space and the paludal trace , as well as layer a b . in the view of the rainfall balance of the wildwood , the canopy interception is averagely 61 . 10 % of the rainfall , the trunk runoff 0 . 80 % , the inner 38 . 10 % , the surface and the litter evapotranspiration 18 . 00 % , the surface runoff does n ' t appear in the forest , and the interflow is also very small , which is 0 . 30 % of the total rainfall ; the conflux is 21 . 10 % 原始森林的水量平衡中，林冠截留量平均占降雨的58 . 27 ，树干径流量占降雨的0 . 80 ，林内降雨占降雨的40 . 93 ，地表蒸发及地被物蒸散量占总降雨的20 . 13 ，林内很少发生地表径流，壤中流量也极少，只占总降雨的0 . 07 ；汇流量占总降雨的21 . 43 。
