Pbo - b _ 2o _ 3 - sio _ 2 glass reacts with bismuth ruthenate and lead ruthenate is produced as transition layer . the transition layer can make the interface gradually change and the properties of resistors are improved at the same time . based on the study above , the way to get series of pastes was developed 铅硼硅玻璃粉体平均粒径对厚膜电阻的性能影响有一极值点,约为1 . 51 m ,在该点处膜层的方阻值最小,电阻温度系数绝对值最小,重烧变化率最接近零值。
Because the weight space formed by the bp neural network ' s global error function , which include extreme point , is a hyper - surface , considering the initial parameters of bp neural network ' s structure , so the bp neural network has a inherent deficiency of easily falling into local minimum 由于bp神经网络的全局误差函数构成的权值空间是包含多个极值点的超曲面，加之即网络训练开始网络结构参数是随机给定的，因而bp神经网络在学习训练中容易陷入局部极小。
The proposed beam model satisfied the rigid - body test requirement . by using general displacement control method ( gsp method ) to determine the incremental load parameter and using incremental tangent method to deal with material non - linearity , the proposed beam model were proved to be able to track the entire procedure of deformation , numerically effective during buckling or snap - through of structure 一系列的典型算例分析表明，本文提出的弹塑性大位移梁单元，能够准确的跟踪结构变形的整个过程，包括极值点失稳和跳跃屈曲的情况，可以运用于框架结构的屈曲后性能研究和非线性极限承载力的分析计算。
Edge detection and contour tracking are very important in computer vision . because the single pixel edges are needed in computer vision , an algorithm of edge detection and contour tracking is proposed using the good local character and multi - scale character of wavelet transform in the dissertation . the fuzzy algorithm is applied to pick the model maximum points , so that the single pixel edge can be obtained 边缘检测和轮廓跟踪在计算机视觉中有着重要的地位，利用小波变换良好的时频域局部化特性和多尺度特性，针对计算机视觉中需要提取单像素的点线等边缘的需求，本文提出了一种基于小波变换的边缘检测和轮廓跟踪算法，通过真正的边缘点是模的局部极值点这一特点，应用模糊算法对模极大值点进一步筛选得到单像素级的边缘，并在边缘跟踪时，有效利用原图像的信息，通过在小邻域内寻找局部峰值对丢失弱边缘进行了补偿。
After analysising the five factors ( schedule , quality , investment , claim , risk ) which influence the limit point , this paper presents that the clients should decide the time for the construction in accordance with their own characterististics and utilizing benefits , and decide the project quality according to the sum of purchasing costs ( the price of contracts ) and the utilizing costs ( the costs to run and maintain ) , and make it most possible to use supervisim optimal design and construction and to reduce claim and risk , which gives the clients a satisfying project with minimal investmentat the same time , this article tells the contractors how to optimize and make decision to minimize the costs in practice on the basis of meeting the requirment of the clients 在分析了影响极值点的进度、质量、投资、索赔和风险五大因素之后，提出了业主应结合自身的特点，根据工程使用效益来决定工期，根据购置成本(即合同价格)和使用成本(即运行费和维护费)之和来决定工程质量水平，并尽可能通过监理来优化设计、优化施工，减少索赔和风险，使业主最终既能得到满意的工程，又能使总资金投入最小。同时，也指出承包商应如何在满足业主要求的前提下，进行优化和决策，使实际发生的成本最小。
Then based on the idea of predictive motion vector , using of spatial correlation of adjacent block and global minimum points probability distribution characteristic , predictive diamond searching ( pds ) and its advanced mode : adaptive pds ( apds ) are introduced . finally the algorithm of pds and apds and its simulation results comparing with conventional me algorithm are given 然后基于预测性运动矢量的概念，利用相邻块运动矢量的相关性和全局极值点概率分布特性，提出了预测性菱形搜索算法和它的改进算法：自适应预测性菱形搜索法，设计出具体算法，并给出了与传统快速块匹配法比较的计算机仿真结果。
Secondly , functional derivation is employed to analyze the two - dimensional colored noise in the third order laser model with dispersive medium . the stationary intensity distribution is derived . the variation of the most probable intensity with pump parameter and noise intensity correlation time is investigated 其次从色散型介质中三次激光模型出发，通过泛函导数，应用小近似计算两维色噪声，得到激光场定态强度分布，研究了定态强度分布的极值点随抽运参量和强度噪声相关时间的变化情况。
2 , the friction coefficient at the pitch point is not a monotonic quantity of the rational speed or the load , instead of having a maximum value . and the value of the friction coefficient is very small , its order of magnitude only being 10 - 3 . so , it is reasonable that the friction force on teeth surfaces are ignored when the gear - driven contact fatigue strength is designed 2 、当轮齿在节点啮合时，随着转速或载荷的变化，齿面摩擦系数并非呈单调变化，而是存在极值点;节点啮合处的齿面摩擦系数很小，其数量级为10一， ，因此在做齿轮强度设计时，忽略齿面摩擦力的影响是有理论根据的。
The structure shearing force takes a one - way increasing trend with the decrease of ratio of beam bending rigidity and pier lateral displacement rigidity and the increasing rate is bigger . when the consolidation at the bottom of pier is elastic consolidation and the structure force is bigger the extreme value mentioned at the above , the structure force will take a increase with the decrease of ratio ; and when the structure force is smaller the extreme value , the improvement of the inner force at the bottom of pier is distinct adopting elastic consolidation and bending of at the top of pier and beam will has a great increase 对于墩底采用弹性固接时，结构内力在梁、墩刚度比不低于前述固接墩出现极值点时刚度比的情况下，将出现内力值随刚度比的增加而减小；而在梁、墩刚度比小于极值点刚度比时采用弹性固接对墩底弯矩改善较大较为明显，对墩顶及主梁的弯矩将会有较大幅度的增加。
In section 1 , we first present our argument that the purpose of optimization is to search for the maximum value of a function . the major researches and recent development of the study of non - smooth analysis are reviewed . also included in this section is our discussion of the theoretical importance and wide practical prospects in studying differential properties of a lipschitz function 第一节是引言部分，提出了最优化问题的实质是在给定条件下求一函数的极值点；简述了非光滑分析的主要研究内容及其发展进程；指出研究lipschitz函数的微分性质，具有深刻的理论意义和广泛的实用前景。
