International environmental management standards are intended to provide organizations with the elements of an effective environmental management system which can be integrated with other management requirements , to assist organizations to achieve environmental and economic goals 环境管理标准系用以提供各组织一个有效能的环境管理系统要项，这些要项能够与其他管理要求互相整合，进而协助各组织达成环保与经济的各项目标。
The dissertation shows how a series of well - performing composite adsorbents that prepared by author suitable for the features of adsorption refrigeration are gained by using water and ethanol as cryogen ( adsorbate ) , which cause no harm to body and environment . the performance of the working pairs of water or ethanol with the composite adsorbents in the refrigeration through adsorption and desiccant cooling are thoroughly examined by experiments . the dissertation also examines , through energy analysis , the refrigeration efficiency and utilization ratio of the adsorption refrigeration , and analyzes the economic potential of the adsorption air - conditioning 以对人体无伤害、对环境无污染的水和乙醇作为吸附制冷工质，研制出适合于吸附制冷特点的性能优良的一系列复合吸附剂；对水或乙醇与自制复合吸附剂组成的制冷工质对的吸附式制冷和吸附除湿制冷的性能进行了深入的实验研究；用有效能分析方法讨论了吸附制冷循环的制冷效率和能量的利用率；对吸附式空调的经济性进行了分析。
With the scale extending , the enterprise organization has changed from orderliness to chaos in the evolution process . so it is important for the sustainable development of enterprise to lead in organizational innovation which can make enterprise to create effective energy , absorb the negative entropy , reduce positive entropy and accelerate the formation of managerial dissipative structure 企业组织在发展过程中随着规模的扩大,其轨迹呈现出从有序到无序的内在演变过程,因而通过组织创新引导企业不断创造有效能、吸收负熵流、减少正熵流、促进管理耗散结构的形成,对推动企业可持续发展尤为重要。
The usual process of implementing the " tactics of effective reading " is : select the reading method - supervise the reading process - evaluate the reading effect . the requirement to chinese teachers made by the tactics is that teachers should be readers , assistants in reading and schemers . the requirement to teaching materials is that the materials should be able to activate students " interest , and be open and student - centered 高中阅读策略教学对高中语文教师提出如下要求：语文教师必须成为有效能的读者、学生阅读的助读者、阅读教学的策划者；同时，阅读策略教学对语文教材也提出了三点要求：高中语文教材要能够激发学生的阅读兴趣；要具有较大开放度；要利于学生主动阅读。
Such scholars as owens , etc extended the above theory into the organization of school and made a special analysis of the school organizational culture . the scholars , who conducted the research on the relevant efficacy schools in the advanced european and american countries , all stressed the importance of the school organizational culture and held identical views that a good school organizational culture can improve the efficacy in running the school 文化是公司成功非常重要的因素。欧文斯等学者将上述理论引入学校组织中，对学校组织文化作了专门分析。在欧美先进国家，研究有效能学校的学者皆非常强调学校组织文化的重要性，并且一致认为良好的学校组织文化可以提升学校办学效能。
This dissertation researches on effectiveness evaluation of middle and primary schools . based on the analysis of materials about domestic and international school effectiveness , we review the developing course and expound the structure , fields and the characteristics on school effectiveness research . we also summarize the relevant research on effective schools and effectiveness evaluation 本文以中小学尤其是普通中小学的效能评价为研究对象，在对国内外有关学校效能方面资料的分析基础上，回顾了的学校效能研究的发展过程，阐明学校效能的研究架构、学校效能研究的研究领域和学校效能研究的类型特点，并对有效能学校特征的相关研究和学校效能评价的相关研究进行了综述。
