The affect of transaction costs on the benefits of stakeholders are accepted within the range of 10 . 00 % - 50 . 00 % . at present , public finance is used as compensation way to environmental benefits of forest resources , but from the long - term view , market creation of environmental benefits of forest resources is a better solution , government agencies will play important roles in institutional arrangements of environmental benefits of forest resources . outstanding of the paper are the following : firstly , time factor has been included in faustmann forest resource model ; secondly , more data are used to estimate tree growth models ; thirdly , time series models of environmental benefits of watershed forest resources are estimated to show time changes of environmental benefits of forest resources ; finally , transaction costs are included with regard to compensation fee institutional arrangements 分析结果表明：水源涵养林的环境效益显著，与传统的仅考虑木材效益的林业经营方式相比，考虑环境效益后将使林业生产实践和社会福利发生变化；对水源涵养林环境效益给予小幅度的补偿如2 . 00 10 . 00即能达到改善环境、提高经营者收益和社会福利的目标，补偿水平提高到一定程度以后其作用效果减弱，在经济水平较低的阶段或地区可以选择较低的补偿标准，当经济水平发展到较高程度以后，可以适当提高补偿标准，逐步过渡到完全补偿；考虑交易成本以后，使利益相关者的福利有所减少，交易成本幅度在补偿标准的10 . 00 50 . 00的范围内时影响相对较小；目前适合于采用公共支付体系的经济补偿方式，但从长远来看，创建水源涵养林环境服务市场是一种比较好的补偿方式，且政府在水源涵养林环境服务市场制度安排方面仍将发挥重要作用。
Through the theoretical and practical study on interbank electronic payment in e - commerce , this thesis discusses how to using the existing payment systems under the low level of financial computerizing in our country to realize a rapid , secure and exact interbank payments by defining messages - interchange format , finding solutions for payment security , clearing and authenticating ; bring forward a strategy of developing interbank electronic payment in our country to meet the coming of e - commerce age 本文通过对电子商务中的跨行支付理论和实践两个方面的研究，讨论了我国在目前金融信息化水平较低的情况下，如何利用现有的支付体系，制定统一的技术标准，解决支付的安全、认证、清算方面的问题，实现快速、准确、安全的跨行支付，最后提出了发展我国跨行电子支付的策略，以建立中国特色的电子支付系统，迎接电子商务时代的到来。
This paper starts with the current situation of china ' s financial computerization to grasp its developing trend , then analyzes the subsequent broad impacts on traditional financial risks and challenges to financial supervision , and at last puts forward a framework to effectively supervise financial computerizing risk and accelerate the financial development . this paper points out that , payment system modernizing , data centralizing , electronic banking applying , financial networking , and money electronicing are bound to boost financial innovation and cause fundamental changes to financial services , therefore affect strategic risk , operational risk , reputational risk , legal risk , and innovation risk greatly , which will bring about challenges to the principles , modes , measures , and contents of financial supervision 本文研究认为，我国金融电子化将呈现电子支付体系现代化、数据高度集中化、电子银行应用广泛化、金融业务网络化和货币电子化五大趋势，极大推动金融创新的发展，金融业务模式发生根本变革，战略风险、操作风险、信誉风险、法律风险等出现新的重大变化，金融风险的来源、范围、结构、复杂性和影响程度极度扩大，传统的监管原则已不再适应金融业发展的需要，监管方式必须向非现场监管和现场检查的有机结合转变，原有的监管手段失效，金融监管的内容也有了更广泛的内涵。
Finally , consideration and propose . i will give an end in this section . through analyzing the execution of the fiscal transfer payment and finding out some faulty , i draw out the conclusion that a special fiscal transfer payment system should be built in ethnic regions 笔者通过上文四个部分的铺垫，旗帜鲜明的提出自己的观点:我国应该全面建立对民族地区的特殊的财政转移支付体系，并详细阐述了建立特殊财政转移支付制度的意义、需考虑的因素、相关原则、体系内容和保证制度有效实施的相关配套措施。
Execution of construction procurement requires promotion of bidding , innovation of construction cost standard , reform of revenue pay system and so on . in addition information system construction is necessary to build database about contractors and experts and improve government work efficiency 实施政府投资项目的工程采购还需要推行诸如招投标制度、工程造价制度改革、支付体系改革等配套措施，此外，建立专家和承包商数据库，提高政府采购的效率，还必须进行信息化建设。
The informatization of banking delegates a kind of new function mode , a transformation of new thought conception . informatization brings a stratagem transform of traditional banking , causing banking transit from financing medium to payment system , from production center to client server center , and it ' s center of gravity of payoff will diversion too 银行信息化代表了一种全新的运作模式、全新的思维观念的转变，信息化带来传统银行业的战略性变革，使得银行业由资金媒介向支付体系、由产品中心向客户中心转变，其盈利重心也将转移。
Therefore , in order to make checks and balances on government ' s power governing between public affairs and public finance , we should follow the principle of fiscal legitimacy to make it clear and definite on law . government ' s fiscal transfer payment , which has already been an important characteristic in many countries " public finance , is playing more and more a significant role in balancing the finance situation among different areas and the promotion of equalization in public service 其中,正文部分分为四章,全文从基础理论入手,分析了政府间转移支付体制的涵义、性质和理论基础,讨论了我国政府间转移支付体系的立法现状及存在的问题,然后在对政府间转移支付体系国际比较的基础上提出了我国政府间转移支付法律体系架构的初步设想。
