The gravitational effect of matter caused acceleration and an unstable universe , which einstein did not want , since at the time the universe was not known to be expanding . thus einstein introduced a cosmological constant into his equations for general relativity . this term acts to counteract the gravitational pull of matter , and so it has been described as an anti - gravity effect 当时科学家并不知道宇宙正在膨胀，所以爱恩斯坦对这样的宇宙模型并不满意，故特意在广义相对论引力方程中加入一个人工的宇宙常数，这个常数的作用，相等于一个和引力相反的排斥力，以抵销引力的作用。
The interactions between particles were discussed based on dlvo and edlvo theories . experiment results show the effect of the ph on the dispersion is due to the repulsion interactions of electrical double layer ; and addition suitable inorganic dispersant or organic macromolecule dispersant results in improvement the stabilization of the dispersion . the main action of the inorganic dispersants is to increase the repulsion interactions of electrical double layer and the main action of organic macromolecule dispersant is to increase hydration shell and steric hindrance 研究表明： ph对颗粒分散的影响主要体现在对颗粒间双电层静电排斥力的改变；添加合适分散剂可以改变颗粒在水中的分散性；无机电解质的分散机制主要是增加颗粒表面的双电层静电排斥作用能，而高分子分散剂的分散机制主要是增加颗粒的水化膜排斥能和位阻排斥能；复合分散剂的分散效果要优于单一分散剂；提出了用经时损失性来评价分散稳定性。
Following this , a new phenomenological eos along isotherms that may be used at high pressures for nacl - type and cscl - type alkali halides , metals , periclase ( mgo ) , rare - gas xenon solid , and so on , is presented , by making use of the definition of short - distance repulsive force constant ( a ) and the phenomenological function a ( r ) 在此基础上，从短程排斥力常数a的定义，及其与原子间距r唯象函数出发，提出一个可应用于相对高压下的新的等温固体物态方程，并对它的有效性和应用性进行了研究与讨论；本文还在实验数据的基础上，运用了等压过程中anderson - gr (
4 . magnet bearing and levitating technology are seldom used on magnetic force pumps , reducing sliding bearings " radial pressure is attempted , ways of calculating axial direction force are listed and summed in this paper , virtue and shortcoming of axial - magnetization ring and radial - magnetization ring are contrasted . 5 磁力轴承和悬浮技术在磁力泵上的应用鲜有报道，本文尝试解决卧式磁力泵滑动轴承径向受力问题，总结磁力泵轴向力计算的方法，比较轴向磁化和径向磁化磁环排斥力和吸引力的优缺点。
Analysis the reason , the first factor is the contradiction inside the structure of the revenue from tax legal doctrine , the administrative power of the revenue from tax extended continuously , overstepped the barrier that revenue from tax legal doctrine had established 剖析原因，一是税收法定主义的内部构架固有的冲突，税收通过法的形式获得合法性和强制力，同时又对法存在一种天生排斥力，税收行政权在谮取税收立法权的过程中得到不断扩张、膨胀，超越了税收法定主义设置的道道藩篱。
Under the same beam parameters , the intensity gradient near the mirror surface of the blue - detune sfgb is the nearly same as that of the sgb , but the intensity distribution of the fgb is a constant within a larger radial range , the width of the sfgb mirror will far greater than one of the sgb mirror 类似地，半束兰失谐平顶高斯光束反射镜和sgb反射镜相比在yoz平面上的衍射强度梯度是近似相同的，也就是说在入射光束参数相同的条件下，在上述二种反射镜表面附近入射原子受到的光偶极排斥力大小是近似相同的。
Which is very dim and hence very difficult to find . if it is massive enough though model dependent , the lower mass limit is about 0 . 1 solar mass , the gas in the protostar continues to heat up until the central portion becomes hot and dense enough for , say , the hydrogen nuclei to overcome their mutual electrical repulsion . nuclear fusion will then take place and a star is finally born 如果原行星质量足够大下限约为0 . 1个太阳质量，要注意的是，不同的理论模型会给出不同的下限，原恒星会不断变热，直至核心部分足够热和高压，令氢原子核克服质子间的电排斥力，产生核聚变，成为一颗真正的恒星。
