Through researching risk , risk assessment , and the theories and methods of nature disaster and lightning hazard , analyze the main problems of the risk assessment standards , risk assessment parameters , and risk assessment models for lightning hazard in use . with the theories of prospective risk management and fuzzy mathematics , realize the thesis ' s three main purposes : put forward some personal viewpoints and creations in risk and risk assessment ; mend quantitatively the methods of risk assessment for lightning hazard in use ; establish a set of reasonable and practical risk assessment parameters and a risk assessment model for lightning hazard 通过对风险、风险评估、自然灾害与雷电灾害等理论和方法的研究，分析常用的雷电灾害风险评估标准、评估参数和评估模型存在的主要问题，利用前瞻性风险管理理论和模糊数学理论，实现论文的以下三个目的：即在风险和风险评估等方面提出一些观点与创新；对常用的雷电灾害风险评估方法进行定量化改进；创建一套合理实用的雷电灾害风险评估参数并设计一个雷电灾害风险评估模型。
The preface elaborates on the backdrops and contexts of corporate integrated risk management . the corporate integrated risk management , the paper concludes , is the comprehensive result of economic globalization , financial convergence , financial engineering stimulus , corporate practical internal innovation and the external drive of supervisors and rating agencies 论文(导论)认为,公司整合性风险管理是经济全球化和金融混业经营对企业传统风险管理挑战、金融市场与金融工程对风险管理的促进、企业风险管理实践的内部创新与外部机构的外部压力的驱动、以及系统控制论与计算机技术的技术支持等背景决定的必然产物。
The systematic risks of china securities market can be controlled and avoided by monitoring risk indexes and taking some measures . the first aspect includes risk indexes , risk evaluation and forecast model . the measures include institutional innovation , increasing efficiency of management and power of company , improving regulative mechanisms under the definite end and opening china securities market step by step 针对中国证券市场主要风险因素提出了具体防范措施：通过制度创新化解制度性风险；通过改进上市公司治理结构，提高上市公司质量；要防范监管不严风险，则须树立明确监管目标，完善监管体系和监管制度；而要化解证券市场开放风险，则应采取循序渐进的开放策略。
On the basis of literature review , we first identify the main risks in the china " s life insurance industry . the mange risks of life insurance are divided three types : the first type is the risk of environment including the risk of period of operating cycle , the risk of market competition , the policy risk and catastrophic risk ; the second type is operational risk , including decision risk , location risk of branch of insurance and so on . the third type is man - made risk , including the morals risk , psychological risk and so on 在对现有文献和研究成果总结回顾的基础上，本文首先分析了中国寿险业面临的主要风险，寿险的经营风险分为三大类：第一类是环境性风险，包括经济周期风险、市场竞争风险、政策风险、巨灾风险；第二类是经营性风险，包括决策风险、险种定位风险、定价风险、业务管理风险、准备金风险、投资风险、分保风险、退保风险、应收保费风险、财务管理风险、破产风险；第三类是人为性风险，包括道德风险、心理风险、逆选择风险、从业人员素质风险。
