By 1956 planned economy had been realized in mainland china and the pattern of coexistence of planned economy and market economy had been replaced by the pattern of sole planned economy . the marketization of economy is thus terminated and the 20 - year long ruling of planned economy commenced henceforth 1956年底，中国实现了经济计划化，计划体制因素与市场体制因素并重的格局被计划经济体制的“单轨制”格局取代，中断了经济市场化过程，开始了长达20多年的计划经济体制一统天下的格局。
In china , the defects in system , structure , function , law and property rights of securities market bring about a great quantities of rent - seeking behaviors . the informational asymmetries between institutional investors and individual investors , between investors and listed corporations , between listed corporations and securities supervisory department also lead to popular rent - seeking behaviors 在我国，证券市场体制、结构、功能、法制和产权制度的缺陷导致寻租活动的盛行；机构投资者与中小投资者、投资者与上市公司、上市公司与证券监管部门之间的信息不对称也引起大量寻租活动。
The tendency of the mixed operation in china also has some important limit : the market system is imperfect , the market division is serious ; the financial regulation ’ s efficiency is low , the regulation system waits for the innovation ; the financial organ , especially state - owned commercial bank , the property right reform does not arrive in particular , the corporate management structure waits for consummation ; the bank inner controls system waits for perfections , the systematic risk does not completely overcomes in the financial system and so on , the present situation must not be able to intensify the contradiction , the finance system ’ s way choice , only can alleviates the existing contradiction 但是,我国金融业混业经营发展的趋势还存在一些重要因素的限制:市场体制不完善,市场分割严重;金融监管效率低下,监管制度有待创新;金融机构尤其是国有商业银行产权改革不到位,公司治理结构的有待完善;银行自律与内控制度有待健全,金融体系的系统性风险并未完全克服等现状要求金融混业经营制度的路径选择必须不能激化矛盾,只能是缓解现有矛盾。因此,我国银行业的经营制度变革之路只能是渐进的,而不是激进的。
The financial model is a complex system , composed of some factors such as government , banking institutions , enterprises and security market . through analyzing these essential factors and the internal relations of theirs , we are getting an understanding of the financial model from the surface to the center : the starting point for the study is to solve the problem of funds shortage ; but with the deepening analysis , the central point is to merge those essential factors into the market mechanism , and to change the traditional distribution of resources by plan ; and the ultimate point is to harmonize the relationship between the real economy and the fictitious economy 通过对系统中诸要素以及诸要素之间相互关系的分析，由表及里地认识融资模式：首先，研究融资模式的出发点是为了解决资金短缺问题；但随着分析的深入，发现实质上要解决的是在资源配置机制转变过程中，政府、企业、银行、证券市场等要素如何有机结合，融入新的市场体制中的问题；再进一步深入下去，最终是要解决实体经济与虚拟经济协调发展的问题。
Thirdly , the paper anlayzes the condition in china at the moment and presents some major problems or abstuction about universal banking system , such as : banking law and policy , banking controlling itself , marketing of banking and etc finally , is the most important , the paper propund the proposals for building up the universal banking system in china , at the same time , give some things which will be prepared before the universal banking system coming to . paper also presents the importance about the reform of the banking supervisonthe supervisory focus will be shifted from separating supervision to unified supervision , and propund some opinions on china ' own characteristics 第二部分，具体分析我国实行混业经营在市场体制、立法、监管等方面存在的障碍，以及国有商业银行的产权结构对实行混业经营的影响。第四部分，分析我国实行混业经营的思路。具体给出我国混业经营的模式，实行混业经营目前应做好的几项准备工作和配套的改革，以及对目前监管体制的看法与实行混业监管的建议。
The experts who agree with tax incentive to reorganizations believe , asset reorganizations are beneficial in their role as restructures of the industry , a tax subsidy to reorganizations may be socially optimal . implicit in this reasoning would then be that the private market system fails to produce the optimal amount of reorganizations , especially in the country which has a lot of small and middle - sized enterprises . as auerbach and reishus said that asset reorganizations could improve the efficiency by eliminating tax loss 赞同给予税收激励政策的学者认为，资产重组在产业结构中发挥着有益作用，对资产重组行为的税收补贴是社会性优化，私人市场体制无法产生最优的资产重组数量，尤其是在中小型企业比例重的国家，中小企业在生产、销售、人力资源、财务及研制开发上往往无法发挥规模经济的效益，公司籍由资产重组扩大规模经营与提高竞争能力，则是企业立足于国际经济舞台的重要经营策略之一，也是政府提供税收激励措施所欲达成的政策目标。
The important part of this article is to analyze the opportunities for the industry of real estate after affiliating wto , including the industry internationalization , industry functions and management , market system , etc ; and what challenges we should be ready to get from thinking , the authority of knowledge , the influence of global economy change , the territorial development of real estate , living space of the business , etc . finally , the article also puts forward the countermeasures that real estate industry should take from different angles of government , financial system service , real estate enterprise , real estate market system , so as to provide profitable operation measures for the whole real estate industry to take opportunities and challenges of entering wto 木文着重分析了加入wto ，对我国房地产业带来的影响，包括在房地产业国际化、房地产业的经营管理、房地产市场体制、房地产市场等方面带来的机遇；在思想观念、知识产权、国际经济波动影响、房地产区域发展、房地产企业生存环境等方面带来的挑战。最后，从房地产业总体发展、房地产业政府主管部门、房地产企业、房地产市场体系、房地产金融体系等不同角度提出了我国房地产业应采取的对策。以期能为我国房地产业抓住机遇、迎接挑战提供有益的操作思路。
With the establishment of china ' s market system and rapid development of tourism economy , cooperation of different regions and industries increases day by bay . many tourism regions associate with each other , and accumulate s ome succeeding experience in system construction , information communication , resource exploring , policy harmonizing , travelers exchanging and so on 随着我国市场体制的逐步建立和旅游经济的迅速发展，跨地区、跨行业的合作日益增加，不少旅游区逐步走向联合，走向协作，在体制建设、信息交流、资源开发、政策协调、互送客源等方面积累了一定的成功经验，为旅游圈的发展作出了有益尝试，提供了可供借鉴的经验。
This thesis has been realized three big objectives basically : is reasonable discussing the commercial bank market marketing theory frame of piece of writing in passing through using for reference under the market system that the research achievements creating of forefathers is fit for in the open . secondly the present situation of china commercial bank marketing and problem that exists reaching his origin and kneads dough the environment that faces has been inspected by way of the authentic proof piece of writing , thus theory frame founded is confirmed and tests . three are commercial bank marketing profit mechanism , marketing strategy and measures of policy by way of the policy piece of writing is explored in 论文基本实现了三大目标：一是借鉴前人的研究成果创建了适合于开放的市场体制下中国商业银行市场营销的理论框架；二是考察了中国商业银行营销的现状、存在的问题及其根源和面临的环境，从而印证并检验所创建的理论框架；三是探索了中国商业银行营销盈利机制、营销战略和政策措施。一、论文的基本结论本论文采用规范分析与实证分析、定性分析与定量分析、综合分析与比较分析、理论分析与政策设计相结合的研究方法，得出以下研究结论： 1 、商业银行市场营销理论的创立有着丰富的理论渊源和理论基础。
The old stratum structure has been broken up , and a reasonable dynamic stratum structure is gradually taking shape . sociologists have done many researches in response to the rapid changes in the social stratum structure . they have made different judgments and conclusions , such as " stratum theory " by lu xueyi , " segmentation theory " by li qiang , and " fracture theory " by sun liping , etc . stratum theory holders think that modern social stratification structure has formed in china society today , and the structural elements showed a stable trend ; segmentation theory holders think that social structure at the present stage can be divided into different sections , and they are reorganizing 地位不一致视角有效地解决了社会学界对于当前中国阶层结构形成的理论争辩,并根据社会成员各种地位维度的一致性程度提出了上层定型化、中层碎片化和下层凝固化的判断;地位不一致视角有效地解释了现实生活中日益出现的地位矛盾现象,分析了地位不一致形成的社会成员行为取向与相对剥夺感;地位不一致视角有效地揭示了改革开放和市场体制形成以来阶层结构的变迁,这种多元地位维度的增加以及维度间不一致性的提高具有深层的形成机制并将对未来阶层结构的建构发挥积极作用。
