Various forms of combining parts of the invention , by which water in multi - stage recirculating water - heating tank for collector and / or multi - stage confluent water - heating tank , as a whole or separately , can be heated by solar energy collector , or a heat pump , or an electrical heater , fall into the following categories : on sunny day , it ' s enough to use the solar energy collector to heat water , then hot water is stored ; in confrontation with off - peak electricity at night , use the heat pump or the electrical heater to heat water , then hot water is stored ; during the time of a cloudy day without off - peak electricity , use the heat pump to instantly heat water according to the storage capacity of predetermined amount of produced hot water , then hot water is stored 所述的经太阳能集热器、或热泵、或电加热装置同时或分别对集热器循环加热水箱、分级加热式汇流热水箱中的水进行分级加热的组合包括:阳光天可全部采用太阳能集热器进行加热和储存热水，夜间峰谷电时段可采用热泵或电加热装置进行补充加热和储存热水，无阳光的非峰谷电时段可根据定量的热水储量设置需求采用热泵进行即时加热和储存热水。
By combining the advanced modern mathematical modeling theory with the advanced database application and development tools and software engineering , this paper proposes the new mathematical model , and through programming realizes the 24 - hour data forecasting of punctual load , daily peak - to - valley load and daily average load in the area 本文将现代先进的数学建模理论与数据库应用开发工具、软件工程技术相结合，提出了适用该地区电网负荷预报的数学模型，通过编程实现了该地区电网24小时的正点负荷、日峰谷值负荷、日平均负荷等数据预报。
Firstly , evidence from depositional pattern suggests that the hsl has experienced an expansion - contraction circle since the late glacial epoch . the expansion and movement of the hsl or desert in early stage were clearly marked by the presence of paleo - aeoline sands . the occurrence of paleosoal characterized the stabilization and contraction of the hsl and also indicated the activity of pedogenesis on the paleo - aeilian sands 通过系列气候代用指标的分析，首次发现该地区粒度、磁化率指标值在两个大的峰值之间有多个小的峰谷出现，表明了在大的气候变化阶段次一级的暖湿?干冷气候波动，值的进一步做年龄的小尺度高分辨率研究。
Several ripe technologies of air conditioning system using ice cold - storage as energy - storage type of electrical equipment are introduced . theoretical analysis is made on the way for the system how to adjust load , minimize difference between peak and valley load of electric power networks . an example of zhuji store building is explained and advice is proposed on how to spread the application of energy storage type equipments 介绍了储能型用电设备冰储冷空调系统几种成熟技术，对冰储冷空调系统如何协助电网调荷，缩小电网峰谷差，缓和电网调峰矛盾进行了理论分析，并以诸暨百货大楼的实例进行了说明，就如何推广应用储能型用电设备提出了建议。
For the sake of realizing goals of dsm much better , and aiming at the problems of tou tariff existing in china , the paper developed the mathematical model of tou power price of dsm by adding a new target function ? minimizing the difference between maximal load and minimal load to satisfy the goal of dsm better . the paper provided an example . by using matlab to calculate , the result of the example showed that the ratio should be bigger , but there existed an optimal value 本文在基于需求侧管理分时电价模型的基础上,通过增加一个目标函数? ?最小化最大负荷与最小负荷之差,对此模型进行了改进,并给出算例,运用matlab编程,计算结果显示:峰谷电价比应拉大,并且它存在一个最优值。
This paper explains the effective encouraging mechanism of electrovalence at present , analyses the close relationship between the primary transformer capacity for electric power using in the enterprise and the basic electricity expenses and the electricity in peak time , the relationship between the power factor and the electricity expenses per degree . the ways and measures of reducing electric cost and decreasing electricity expenses expenditurze are proposed 通过阐述现行电价政策的有效激励机制，分析了企业用电主变压器容量与基本电费和峰谷分时用电及企业功率因数与电度电费的密切联系，提出了企业降低用电成本、减少电费支出的途径和措施。
Seller ' s market is transiting to buyer ' s market . by sep . 1998 , buyer ' s market has completely formed ; the average load rate of the power system is declining , and difference between apex and vale is becoming larger and larger ; power consumption increase rate in industry is dropping , and it is far lower than that of society power consumption 分析表明：从1997年开始，重庆电力资源短缺状况得到缓解，供需基本平衡，具备逐渐由卖方市场过渡到买方市场的征候,到98年的9月已完全形成买方市场；重庆电网年平均负荷率逐年下降，峰谷差逐年加大；工业用电量持续下降，且其增长速度远低于全社会用电量的增长速度，占全社会用电量的比例逐年下降。
Then take power usage of the commercial and residents for example , the paper analyzed these two kinds of consumers ’ potential of shifting load by using quantitative method . the analysis told that tou tariff should be spread wider and applied in electricity employment of the business and the residents throughout all of the country 同时,以商业用电、居民用电为例,采用量化分析方法分析其移荷潜力,说明峰谷分时电价应扩大实行范围,在全国范围内对商业用电、居民用电实行分时电价。
The thesis takes the fiscal cost method as the feasible method to price . on the initial stages of market , the retail power price should be hold out in an invariable level , besides being embedded in the peak valley price and the seasonal price . although the thesis takes emphases on the initial pricing mechanism , it also involves the metaphase and the far future of the electricity tariff of yunnan electricity market 本文的研究以云南电力市场建立初期电价机制为重点，兼顾市场中远期阶段，建立了云南电力市场运行初期以两部制电价制度为基础的发电侧上网电价形成机制，以综合成本法为主要定价方法的输配电定价机制以及以两部制为主、一部制为辅并全面整合丰枯季节电价和峰谷分时电价的销售电价定价机制。
First the object contour is translated into a 1 - d contour curve . secondly the curve is smoothed to restrain the noise . the number of peaks of the curve is achieved as well as the areas which contained between adjacent peak - valley , then the latter is followed by discrete fourier transformation ( dft ) 首先将目标轮廓转换成一维轮廓曲线,平滑去噪,然后获得曲线峰数和轮廓曲线在相邻峰谷间所含面积,并对后者进行dft变换,提取出具有平移、旋转、尺度不变性的两类特征。
