The three frames are category frame without upgrading seismic - measures and earthquake - design - level , category frame of higher seismic - measures and category frame of higher earthquake - design - level . then , the author carries out nonlinear dynamic analysis on three frames under intermediate earthquake action and rare earthquake action . the results show as follows : ( a ) the performance of the two category frames of higher seismic - measures or higher earthquake - design - level are much better than that of category frame ; ( b ) the earthquake - design - level of higher earthquake - design - level category frame is upgraded by 50 percent , which is a high limit that is adopted by foreign codes 结果表明：按照提高抗震措施等级设计的乙类建筑框架和按照提高地震力设计的乙类建筑框架在地震作用下的反应都明显好于仅按丙类建筑进行抗震设防的框架；提高设计地震力的乙类建筑框架的设计地震力提高幅度为50 % ，与国外重要建筑地震力提高幅度相比已经是一个上限水准，但分析结果仍然显示，这样设计出来的乙类建筑框架，无论是在中震还是在大震作用下，其表现出来的抗震性能都不及提高抗震措施等级的乙类建筑框架。
Basing on the feature of the structure member , the structure is simplified to a 3 - d model consist of space beams and shells , so we can make response spectrum dynamic analysis on the finite - element models . at last nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis was made about the structures . the calculated results reveal the rule of dynamic response about model the and show that the aseismic behaviour and failure mechanism of shear wall structure with src supporting frames and src girder transfer floor is better than that of rc one 在7度多遇和罕遇地震力作用下，通过对振型、侧向位移、倾覆力矩和剪力在给定抗侧力结构间分配的比较，以及对框支柱和剪力墙的地震响应、转换层楼板应力比较等模拟分析，得到型钢混凝土梁式转换层框支剪力墙结构较钢筋混凝土梁式转换层框支剪力墙结构抗地震力特性上有较明显的改善的结论。
The preferences are analyzed , pipe ’ s parameters such as depth , thickness , pipe diameter , and mechanical property of material ; soil parameters such as soil types , internal friction angle , pipe - soil interaction ; fault ’ s parameters such as fault types , fault throw , fault drop , fault - pipe angle , mechanical property of material ; load types such as gravity force , linear displacement load , seismic load and seismic wave . some conclusions are drawn from the calculating results : when buried pipes cross fault , pipe ’ s embedded depth should be shallow , and big pipe diameter and thick wall should be selected . avoid the site where fault moves severe , and select suitable pipe - fault angle 在有限元三维模型建立中考虑的因素有:管道自身参数如管道埋置深度、管壁厚度、管径、管道材料等;岩土材料参数如土体类型、岩土的内摩擦角、管土相互作用等;断层考虑有断层类型,断层断距,断层错动距离,断层与管道的交角,断层材料的考虑等;荷载分别考虑静荷载,动荷载,其中动荷载包括线性位移加载、地震力加载和地震波加载等。
Chinese seismic design code has adopted the popular seismic design concept in the world , that is , using reasonable combination of " seismic design force - ductility grade " and the concept of " capacity design " to set up an ideal energy - dissipation mechanism behaving inelastic dynamic response characters to resist given seismic intensity 中国建筑抗震设计规范采纳了当今世界各国主流的抗震设计思想，即以合理的“设计地震力- -延性等级”的组合和“能力设计( capacitydesign ) ”的思路来构架具有合理的非线性地震响应特征的耗能机构抵御预定水准的地震作用。
Using the model parameter from the dynamical experiment , the integrated parameters can be disassembled , thus the structure ' s frequency and the influencing coefficient of their oscillation mode are solved . it ' s tested from the model experiments and fem that the model given by the article has the virtue of explicit concept and convenient method and high accuracy , and it can give reference to evaluate the load capacity of bridge . in the end , in order to assess the existing bridge ' s seismic resistance performance , force reduction factor with ductility is recommended to reflect the seismic force of the structure during the elastic and plastic periods 另一方面，由动力相似理论建立了室内模型，并进行室内动力试验，借助量测到的模态参数分解出综合参数，可以反推结构频率及振型参与系数。试验结果、有限元计算值表明，本文建立的模型概念明确、计算方法简便、精度较高，可以为动测法评定桥梁结构承载力提供参考。最后，从延性的角度给出强度折减系数来考虑结构进入弹塑性阶段的地震力，从而对桥梁的抗震性能做出评价。
After researching the loads on dangerous rock synthetically , the author points out the development and collapse mechanism of dangerous rock : the geology foundations that forms dangerous rock are the constructional surfaces such as tectonic fracture 、 relief fissure , soft interlayer etc . . the developing of dangerous rock is due to release of in - situ stress in rock 、 aeolation 、 water erosion and root flerry . the main loads leading to collapse of dangerous rock are gravity , water pressure and earthquake force 在综合研究危岩上的各种作用之后，本文提出了危岩的形成和破坏机理：硬质岩体中构造裂隙、卸荷裂隙、及各种软弱夹层，结构面的的存在是危岩形成的地质基础；地应力卸荷、风化、流水侵蚀、植物根劈是危岩发育的主要作用；重力、水压力、地震力是危岩崩塌的主要荷载。
According to the original work on the stability problem of the left side of the river and the elementary analysis on the model of geological mechanism , two section planes of rock group t33 and j have been chosen to carry out the stability evaluation ( the slope stability analysis utilized the sarma program ) , both of which have the different rock characters . when loads are calculated , the internal force , underground water , earthquake force , their combination and measure to deal with anchorage force infliction are also considered 根据左岸边坡稳定问题的前期工作和地质力学模式的初步分析,并结合工程地质条件调查,选取岩性构成不同的t33岩组和j岩组的两个剖面分别进行稳定性评价(边坡稳定性分析采用sarma程序进行) ,计算载荷考虑了自重、地下水、地震力及其组合以及施加锚固力的处理措施。
According to the computation , there is much difference among the calculations with different methods . so the scientific computation theory of the seismic response of structure is still pre - mature . this paper does a lot work for the improvement of the computation theory , and it will be more perfect with more attention paid in the future 但竖向振动的作用不可忽视，尤其对烟囱上部的破坏起重要作用最后通过实验结果与计算结果的比较，作者发现各种计算方法的结果之间存在着较大的差异，这说明目前关于烟囱竖向地震力的计算理论仍然处于探索阶段，尚很不完善，需要今后更加深入和精确的研究。
According to the deformation of the piers on the elastic foundation , which includes the elastic deformations only caused by force and the deformations caused by the rotation and translation of the foundation , the basic oscillation shape function of the piers is put forward , in the same time , the whole seismic vibration equation of continuous beam is derived from the lagrange equation , and the seismic force which involves the integrated parameter y1 , y2 , y3 is calculated with the help of the response spectra method . on the other hand , model indoors is built by the similar theory 本文根据位于弹性地基上的桥墩的变形特点，将桥墩的变形分解为桥墩自身弹性变形、基础转动和平动引起的墩身变形三大部分，并以此作为桥墩振型函数，通过拉格朗日方程建立了位于弹性地基基础上连续梁桥的整体地震振动方程，应用反应谱理论求解包含地基特性综合参数y _ 1 、 y _ 2 、 y _ 3的地震力。
The following task has been finished : ( 1 ) analysis the pier ' s seismic force theory and dynamics method . ( 2 ) resarch the computational model and method of the thin - wall hollow pier when it is predigested plane bar structure ; ( 3 ) the paper complete the program to compute the pier ' s seismic response , which can analyze pier ' s linear and nonlinear response , also its correctness has been validated . ( 4 ) use the program to compute some samples , some problems and their relevant resolvent have been offered 本文完成了以下几项工作： ( 1 )分析了桥墩抗震计算的地震力理论和桥墩结构抗震动力学方法； ( 2 )研究了将桥墩简化为平面杆系结构时结构在地震作用下的计算模型和计算方法； ( 3 )编制了薄壁空心墩地震反应分析程序，可以对桥墩线性和非线性反应作出分析，并验证其正确性； ( 4 )通过改变设计参数进行对比计算，提出了一些在桥墩抗震设计中应该注意的问题以及相应的解决方法。
