As a whole , the change of land use structure of haidian district manifests that use degree is intensified , the protection is not exactly reasonable , the whole system production is improved and the space pattern of land use structure is reasonable . at the same time the dynamic drive of the changes , which is under the affection of urbanization , is also analysed . the main dynamic drive of land use structure changes in haidian district comes form the improvement of economy 同时对海淀区在城市化发展的情况下土地利用结构变化的驱动力进行分析，得出海淀区的土地利用结构深受其当地的地形地貌的制约，其变化发展模式也受到当地的土地利用政策影响；同时运用数理统计的方法，对海淀区土地利用结构变化的经济驱动力进行分析，海淀区土地利用结构变化最主要的驱动力还是来自于经济的发展。
Thirdly , in the multi - spectral , there are some facts that different objects have the same spectrum and the same objects have different spectrum but they are in the region having different landform so that we can deduce the effect of the fact by segmenting the image according to the texture feature that reflect the landform into blocks in advance and then classifying each pixel according to its corresponding block spectrum information 第三,实际多光谱图像中存在着不少同物异谱和同谱异物现象,而它们往往处于不同的地形地貌之中,因此事先依据反映宏观地形地貌的纹理特征将图像分块,再有针对性地进行地物光谱分类是能够降低它对分类精度的影响。
According characterizes of topography and physiognomy in hechengli village , we analyze and account the gross of biomass in this area by using theory from environmental science , environmental ecology . through surveying the status detailed used by dwellers that lived nearby , we analyze quantitatively the decreasing quantity of soot and sulfur dioxide by using biomass , and then the change in structur of energy and environmental effect 通过运用环境科学、环境生态学的基本原理，根据当地地形地貌的特点对可获得生物质资源总量进行分析、测算；对示范点附近居民的能源使用情况进行详细的调查，定量分析了利用生物质资源后当地烟尘总最和二氧化硫排放总量的削减程度以及使用生物质能对当地居民能源利用结构的改变和产生的环境效应。
( 5 ) based on the research of the danxia landform in the northwest of the yunnan province , it analyzes the tourism resource character of the three scenery spots and its exploiting direction , function and assessing mode . it also takes the protecting measures of the tourism resource of the danxia landfonn in the northwest of the yunnan province . ( 6 ) summary and discussion 第五，在对滇西北丹霞地貌的研究基础上，分析了本区丹霞地貌的旅游资源特征，并对黎明黎光、罗古箐、石宝山的丹霞地貌旅游资源进行了评价，分析了开发方向、功能、模式和丹霞地貌旅游资源保护的对策措施等。
The evolving degree of the regional geomorphology evidently affects on the features of the current crustal stress field . so the crustal stress fields change from the self - weight stress field to the horizontal stress field with the changing of the eroding degree of the regional geomorphology from valley area to hilly country to flat country 然而，区域性地貌的演化特征对现今地应力场具明显的控制性，当区域性地貌特征从高山峡谷区向低山丘陵区和平原残丘区转变时，现今地应力场的特征也从自重应力场向水平应力场转变。
A lot of data of elevation in different places of the shallow water of n antong were obtained by fish - exploring machine and gps determining and tide cor recting . an image which reflects landforms of nantong was obtained by selecting f rom the many noaa images on different channels and in different phases . based on the image , grey scales corresponding to different places were obtained . by using c la ssifying liner regression technique , liner regression equations were established between the elevation and grey scale , and the threshold values of grey scales of the different elevations were determined . according to the threshold values , the a reas of the tidal zone above different elevations of the shallow water of nanton g were estimated 通过利用gps及渔探器实测，并进行潮位订正，获得南通浅海海域大量测点的高程资料；通过对多时相各通道noaa卫星照片进行筛选，挑选能反映浅海地貌的通道资料，从中读取各测点相对应的灰度值，在此基础上利用分级线性回归，建立不同高程范围内的高程、灰度线性回归方程，确定不同高程的灰度阈值，从而测量出南通市浅海海域不同高程以上的潮间带面积、分布。
( 2 ) the conception of the danxia landfonn that is a kind of the red clastic rock ( silthstone - conglomerate stone ) landfonn , derived of the of work the exogenetic and endogenetic force , characterized by red cliff , fortress , pagoda , wall , peak cluster , peak forest , etc . this article systematically summarized the evolvement , type and character 其次，界定了丹霞地貌的概念，丹霞地貌是发育在以红色粉砂- -砾岩为主的地层中，受内力、外力(重力崩塌、风化、流水等)作用形成的地貌，具有赤壁丹崖、方山、岩堡、岩塔、岩墙、孤峰、群峰等特征。
Furthermore , the dq value ranges of profile multifarctal spectra in different landform types and in different directions of the same sections perform different properties and anisotrpies . it can be concluded that the landscape fractal properties depends closely on the int ensity , manner and inhomogenity of exogenic and inogenic processess , and with the properties , we can study quantatively the dynamic geomorphic process . by using the same methods just above , local fractal dimensions d , crossover length tc and the multifractal spectra dq - q of two large - scale landform profiles ( across and along tianshan mountain ranges respectively ) are calculated . the results show that in the studied scaling range the two profiles perform different scaling properties , and both of them can be divided to three evident different linear scaling subsections 不同类型地貌区二维地貌表面也表现出多度域分形特征，而且随着观测尺度的增加，每个区间的分维值均表现为依次减小，表明外营力作用的影响逐渐被内营力作用所取代：不同类型地貌区在相应区间的分维值表现为高山区中低山区盆地区，体现了不同类型地貌表面粗糙性或复杂性的差异，因此分维值大小可作为地貌表面外营力侵蚀作用强度的重要指标：利用标度区的间断点和各种地貌类型表面分维值或宏观效应趋于一致，提出5 - 6km左右可作为地貌的宏观临界点，并且与利用地貌剖线研究所得到的5km这一数值是基本吻合的。
Iii ) the result from simulating rainfall on watershed model indicats that changes of projective area , surface area and volume represented development of watershed physiognomy . volume of model body decreased and projective area and surface area increased with developing process of watershed model . when development of gully trending to stablization , projective area become stable and surface area changed fluctuantly ( 3 )流域模型的模拟降雨实验观测结果分析表明：流域模型地貌的发育演化主要体现在其投影面积、表面积和相对体积的变化上；流域模型投影面积和表面积在整个试验过程中一致增大，当沟道发育逐渐趋于稳定时，投影面积变化也趋于稳定，表面积则呈现出波动性变化。
The complex characteristic of the danxia landfonn derived of the development and evolvement of the danxia landfonn under the exogenetic and endogenetic force work together in the different conditions such as weather , stone and tectonic . on the basic of the investigation of the danxia landfonn and according to the tourism principle , the article analyzes and assesses the danxia landform s resource and its exploitation and protection . the article discusses the following main problem 本文在研究丹霞地貌的基础上，根据旅游学的原理，对丹霞地貌资源的评价、开发和保护进行分析，并作了实证研究，文章主要探讨了以下内容：首先，本文总结了国内对丹霞地貌与丹霞旅游资源研究历史及其发展趋势，指出丹霞地貌的定义不够完善，丹霞地貌的理论研究较缺乏；丹霞旅游资源评价主要集中在资源的定性评价，评价体系还不够完善。
