Abstract : in this paper , the problem of robust ( adaptive ) synchronization of chaotic nonlinear systems with a unified model is considered . two main methods are proposed in different cases . sliding mode control is used when the states of the two synchronized systems can be measured , though the considered systems may contain uncertain parts . adaptive control with an observer is employed when only output information about the systems is known , where sliding mode control is also adopted to improve the robustness of the adaptive control systems 文摘:针对混沌非线性系统的同步化问题，给出了一个较为一般的模型；我们利用混沌吸引子的特有性质(如混沌吸引子有界性等) ，对于所给模型，采用滑动模控制律实现了混沌同步化；在误差可观测的条件下，设计了观测器，并采用自适应滑动模控制律使得混沌非线性系统可以达到给定的同步化误差界
In the following three chapters , we present my research in detail : chapter 2 gives some results on singular systems . due to the complicated normal observers design method for singular systems in theorem 4 - 2 . 2 in [ 7 ] , in section 1 of this chapter , we improved the design method and make this design method used conveniently ; in section 2 , we establish sufficient conditions for the controability of linear singular system with interval plants given by : and in this section we also establish sufficient conditions for the observablity of linear singular system with interval plants given by : chapter 3 discusses the degernerate differential systems with delay 接下来的三章详细地介绍了我的研究成果：第二章给出了对退化系统一些研究结果，在此章的第一节中针对[ 7 ]定理4 - 2 . 2的结果在实际应用中过于繁琐，在此节中对观测器的设计方法进行了改进，使应用起来更方便；在第二节中探讨了区间退化系统：可控和区间退化系统：可观测的充分条件。
A kind of quick high precision sins combined alignment algorithm on fixed base was deduced in this paper , and the error model and measurement model were described . the observability of the system was analyzed with pwcs theory , and it is shown that the system is completely observable . the validity of the algorithm is proved by simulation 本文提出了一种快速、高精度的捷联式惯性导航系统静基座组合对准的方法，推导了捷联式惯性导航系统静基座组合对准的误差方程和量测方程，并采用pwcs理论对该系统进行了可观测性分析，证明该系统是完全可观测的。
But in the situation of information asymmetry the activity of managers is unforeseeable . what can be observed is the result of the activity , because the result is decided by the activity and nature state , the manager would attribute the result to the activity and make the shareholder believe the effort by manager as the result is good ; on the other side , the manager would shift the obligation to nature state as the result is bad . then the opportunism of managers is serious , named by " moral risk " 而在信息不对称的情况下，经营者的行动和自然状态是不可观测的，可观测的只是行动的结果，由于行动结果是由经营者的行动和自然状态共同决定的，当行动结果好时，经营者会把结果的获得全归功为行动，让股东认为经营者努力；当行动结果不好时，经营者则会将责任推卸给自然状态，让股东相信不是自己不努力，从而出现了较为严重的经营者的机会主义行为，即“道德风险” 。
In this paper , the problem of robust ( adaptive ) synchronization of chaotic nonlinear systems with a unified model is considered . two main methods are proposed in different cases . sliding mode control is used when the states of the two synchronized systems can be measured , though the considered systems may contain uncertain parts . adaptive control with an observer is employed when only output information about the systems is known , where sliding mode control is also adopted to improve the robustness of the adaptive control systems 针对混沌非线性系统的同步化问题，给出了一个较为一般的模型；我们利用混沌吸引子的特有性质(如混沌吸引子有界性等) ，对于所给模型，采用滑动模控制律实现了混沌同步化；在误差可观测的条件下，设计了观测器，并采用自适应滑动模控制律使得混沌非线性系统可以达到给定的同步化误差界
