The second is that monopoly produces some positive effects : as static efficiency to say , there are four mechanisms , namely economies of scale , economies of scope , internalization of externalities and learning effect , which optimize the allocation of resources . monopoly advantages decrease of transaction cost . some extent monopoly has benefits to technology innovation and human capital accumulation 其次，垄断具有正的效应：从静态效率来看，垄断存在四种优化资源配置的机制(规模经济机制、范围经济机制、外部性内化机制和学习效应机制) ；垄断有利于机会成本的降低，从而可以提高社会经济活动的效率；从动态效率来看，一定程度的垄断有利于技术进步和人力资本的积累，因而是动态有效的。
