分子识别

• Dendritic cells ( dc ) is the most powerful apc , which can markedly increase the antigen - presentation capacity by maximizing the pepitide - mhc complexes on the cell surface and upregulating the co - stimulatory ligands b7 - 1 and b7 - 2 , adhesion moleculees such as il - 12 that promote full activation of lymphocytes . full activation of antigen - specific t cells requires two signals - one signal coming via the tcr and the other signal through engagment of co - stimulatary molecules . t cells receiving one signal via their tcr are turned off by mhc ( major histocompatibility complex ) , via t cell cd28 binding to b7 on the dc induce tlymphokine and t cell proliferatiion
  T细胞介导的细胞免疫在控制肿瘤生长方面发挥着重要作用， t细胞在发挥抗瘤效应(分泌细胞因子和直接杀伤)之前必须先经过活化，体内专职抗原提呈细胞( apc )细胞并使其活化，树突状细胞( dendriticcell , dc )为t细胞的激活提供双重信号， t细胞借助tcr识别由dcmhc分子递交的抗原肽后，通过tcr - cd3复合体传递抗原特异性识别信号(第一信号) ，以cd28为主的t细胞表面辅佐分子识别dc表面b7分子，传递非特异性协同刺激信号(第二信号) ，在机体抗肿瘤免疫应答中处于核心地位。
• Mekler idlis ( m - i ) pair theory suggests that each codon - directed amino acid residue in a sense peptide may make a specific pair - wise interaction with the corresponding complementary codon - directed residue in the complementary peptide . ahbs theory suggests also the parts between / in the proteins that are capable of interacting specifically . the interaction between receptor and ligand is the recognition and interaction between proteins . if the receptor is the sens e peptide , the ligand , which can specifically bind to it , must have one or several antisense peptides . these antisense peptides muat be located at the key place which has relationship with the function of the ligand
  Ahbs (反义同源盒)理论和分子识别理论描述了蛋白分子内和蛋白分子间可以特异结合的区域结构具有正义与反义的关系。受体与配体的相互作用实质上是蛋白质分子间的识别、结合和相互作用的过程。将受体看作是有义肽，那么可与之特异结合的配体分子中可能存在一段或多段反义肽，而且其存在的部位是配体功能的关键位置。
• Cells provide an array of naturally evolved receptors , ion - channels , enzymes that may be targets of biological or biologically active analytes . cell - based biosensors that treat cells as biological sensing elements have the capacity to respond to analytes in a physiologically relevant manner . such biosensors have numerous applications including pharmaceutical screening and physiological analysis
  细胞拥有并表达着一系列分子识别元件，如受体、离子通道、酶等，这些分子都可以作为靶分析物，当它们对外界刺激敏感时，就按照固有的活细胞生理机制进行相应的生理功能活动。
• Inorganic nanoparticles have lots of special properties due to their surface effect , dimension effect , interface effect and quantum effect . nanogold is one of such particles which have high surface ratio , strong absorptive ability and good biocompatibility , so it is widely used in the fields of molecular recongization , gene analysis and catalysis
  无机纳米粒子的尺寸效应、量子效应、表面效应和界面效应使其具有许多独特的性质,其中,纳米金具有比表面积大、吸附力强、生物相容性好等物理化学特性,在分子识别和标记、基因分析及催化等领域得到广泛应用。
• Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins are recognized as perfect host for molecular recognition owing to their diversity , their rigid molecular structures , the position and direction of the substituents on the porphyrin ring being controllable , as well as the variety of metal ligands of the metalloporphyrins
  卟啉及其金属配合物种类多,分子具有刚性结构,卟啉环上取代基的位置和方向可加以控制,且其轴向配体周围的空间大小和相互作用的方向可通过改变配位中心金属加以调节,因而是理想的分子识别受体。
• The study on the inclusion behaviors of cyclodextrins with amino acids , peptides and proteins would help us to recognize the essence of life , the conception of self - assembly , molecular recognition and so on in the supramolecular chemistry . in our laboratory , supramolecular inclusion behaviors of polylactide - grafted copolymer of 3 ? yclodextrin with peptides and proteins were investigated so as to evaluated the possibilities of polylactide grafted copolymer of 3 ? yclodextrin as a carrier of pept . ide drug delivery system
  氨基酸是构成蛋白质的基本单元，通过对环糊精与氨基酸以及多肽之间包络识别行为的研究，对于认识生命现象的本质、理解超分子中的自组装、分子识别等概念具有十分重要的意义，并为进一步研究和认识环糊精高聚物与蛋白质之间的包络行为奠定基础。
• Such examples are given as the blood filtering principal of hemoglobin , catalysis of enzymes , immune recoglization , prion , glycoprotein and the relationship of structure and function of membrane protein , et al , as well as the applications to medicine
  在简要介绍结构生物学的研究方法的基础上，主要从分子水平阐述蛋白质和核酸的结构原理、相互作用、结构与功能的关系，通过具体实例阐述血红蛋白的输氧机制、酶的催化机制、免疫分子识别、朊病毒、糖蛋白、生物膜的结构功能关系等，以及结构生物学在医学上的应用。
• Molecular imprinting is a new technique for the preparation of polymers of predetermined specificity , its basic principle and the preparation methods of imprinted polymers are introduced , the study and application are reviewed in fields of sensor , chromatogram , solid phase extraction and chiral separation of drugs , besides , its developing trends are predicted
  摘要分子印迹技术是一种制备具有分子识别功能的聚合物的新技术，介绍了分子印迹技术的基本原理与印迹聚合物的制备方法，综述了该技术在传感器、色谱、固相萃取、药物手性分离方面的研究与应用，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。
• A variety of artificial receptor molecules , such as cyclodextrin ( cd ) , crown ethers , calixarenes and porphyrin , as typical host compounds , have attracted enormous research interest in their molecular recognition . among them , cds having an interior hydrophobic cavity and an exterior hydrophilic environment , as a buildup element of second generation supramolecule , can accommodate many organic , inorganic and biological molecules in their toroidal cavity to form stable host - guest inclusion complexes . therefore , they have been paid much attention by the researchers of supramolecular chemistry
  在已报道的多种人工超分子主体物质中,以冠醚、环糊精( cyclodextrin ,简称为cd ) 、杯芳烃及卟啉( porphyrin )为主体的分子识别研究引起了人们的广泛关注,其中环糊精( cd )作为第二代超分子的构筑体,其内腔疏水而外部亲水,可以与许多有机、无机和生物分子形成包合物,从而成为超分子化学工作者感兴趣的研究对象。