Author analyzes economic benefit of tariff policy , non - tariff quantitative restrictions policy , exchange - rate policy and export subsidy policy . and all views and conclusions resulted from these analysis are the theoretic bases for the coming analysis in other chapters 作者主要分析关税政策、非关税数量限制政策、汇率保护政策和出口补贴政策的经济效益，这些分析得出的观点和结论是后文所有展开分析的理论基础。
Control and administrative guidance is also evidenced in the form of state trading , quarantine directives , prohibited export subsidies , and threats of retaliation . many observers within u . s . agriculture believe that the government of china provides administrative guidance that imports not exceed planned levels 谢赫还说，中国“采取监控与行政指导手段还表现在国家贸易形式、检疫规程、违反规定的出口补贴和可能采取报复措施等方面。
After an investigation on this agreement and china ' s regulation on countervailing duties , the author understands that there are several kinds of subsidies and not ali of these kinds are countervailable . for instance , non - specific subsidies and non - actionable subsidies should be tolerated . domestic countervailing measures could only be used in circumstance of export subsidies 在考察了wto的反补贴协议和我国现有的反补贴立法后，本文认为，补贴有多种类型，不能一概都“反” ，对于普遍性补贴和绿色补贴应持容忍态度；国内反补贴措施只能适用于出口补贴的情况。
Export and import of agricultural products were spurring due to the development of global market price , the most significant index of competitive power , together with export subsidy , exchange rate and tariff , were weakened for the rigorous control of international trade exerted by the government of china , which result in invalid exchange rate policy and tariff policy 而一国的产品要获取在世界市场上的优势地位，价格因素起到了关键性作用，通过对出口补贴、汇率、关税的作用分析，这些措施除了在出口方面起到了拉动中国农产品国际贸易增长的作用，在进口方面，其调节作用却被明显弱化。
As the requirement of wto and as broadly - accepted international custom , the export subsidy and tax preferences will gradually fade out from the export support policy in most countries . therefore , the export credit will be more important in international trade and economic cooperation , while egas will become more active . china ' s first ega was set up in 1994 , named the export - import bank of china ( eibc ) 随着世界经济全球化步伐的不断加快和wto在国际经济领域中发挥的作用日渐加大，出口补贴和税收优惠逐渐从各国支持出口的政策领域退出，出口信用作为符合wto基本规则的促进出口的融资方式在国际贸易和经济合作中正发挥日益重要的作用。
This commitment will level the playing field in third - country markets for us exports of corn , rice , and cotton - - which in the past have been displaced by unfairly traded chinese exports . on domestic support , china committed to cap any trade - distorting domestic support at 8 . 5 percent of its total value of agricultural production 之后不对农产品实行出口补贴。这一承诺将使美国的玉米、大米和棉花的出口在第三地市场获得公平竞争的机会。这些产品过去一直被进行不公平贸易的中国出口品所取代。
The kdb made similar purchases of the newly issued bonds of five other cash - strapped , debt - burdened korean companies , three of which are other hyundai subsidiaries . the kdb reportedly plans to provide additional financing in the future to hei and other companies to cover $ 15 - 20 billion in bonds coming due in 2001 “超级301 ”报告列出了美国与各贸易伴之间的争端，包括与澳大利亚在皮革出口补贴问题上的争端、与韩国在牛肉进口问题上的争端、与菲律宾在机动车行业投资问题上的争端等。
After 1998 , government raised the rates of etr successively to expand the export trade and stimulate the domestic economy . at the same time , the agreement of wto stipulates that the volume of etr is not export subsidy as long as it does n ' t exceed the taxation . also , we should recognize that economic policy is changing and consistently perfected with economic circumstance and require 与此同时，世界贸易组织在《补贴与反补贴协议》中明确规定：出口货物退(免)税额只要不超过已征或应征的间接税，就不是出口补贴，是完全符合世界贸易组织的规定的，我国加入wto并不影响出口货物退税政策的合法性，同时我们更应该清醒的认识到，经济政策是应随着经济环境和经济需求进行完善而变化的，中国加入wto后， wto的有关条款必然要求作为缔约国一方的中国坚持和完善出口退税政策。
