This paper further analyzes the effects fdi has brought in promoting national foreign trade and its diffusion effects . in the former aspect , fdi does promote overall national exports , and improve the structure of exporting commodities and region , but in the latter , the technology spillover effects are not so notable 本文对利用外资与我国出口贸易的关系、外商在华技术扩散效果两个重点领域进行了深入地研究，实证分析结果表明，外资在促进我国出口贸易增长、改善我国出口商品结构和地区结构方面起到了重要作用。
Fourth , a series of police advice for further developing china ' s export to the united states , including altering the improvement trade export mode , facilitating the upgrading of industrial structure , optimizing the structure of exports , consummating policies encouraging export , decreasing u . s . trade deficit to china , actively replying to u . s . trade protectionism , and implementing a diversification strategy of export markets 第四部分提出了发展中国对美出口的政策建议，主要包括：改变加工贸易出口模式，促进产业结构升级，优化出口商品结构，完善鼓励出口的政策，积极应对贸易保护主义，改善美国对华贸易逆差，实施出口市场多元化战略等。
On the basis of dealing with trade conflicts between china and america rationally , we should take a series of steps , such as to set up a market system which is really consolidated , open , competitive and orderly , to constantly improve the structure and quality of export goods , to establish conferring institution , to make good use of wto rules and to go on to boost the strategy of an export market with multiplicity 我们应在理性的看待中美贸易摩擦问题的基础上，通过真正建立起统一，开放，竞争，有序的市场体系，不断改善出口商品结构，提高产品质量，建立协商机构，合理运用wto相关规则和继续大力推进出口市场多元化战略等一系列措施加以应付。
The merchandise structure of a country can reflect the country ' s economic development level , the industry structure condition , and technological development level etc . a country ' s foreign trade merchandise structure is decided by the country ' s industry structure in the final analysis 一国对外贸易商品结构可以反映出该国的经济发展水平、产业结构状况、科技发展水平等。一个国家的外贸商品结构归根到底是由该国的产业结构决定的，出口商品结构的改善要依赖于国内产业结构的改善和升级，不同的产业结构制约着该国的对外贸易商品结构。
The author analyses and studies the development and present situations of chinese foreign trade after china ' s reform and opening - up , changes and characteristics of import and export structure , factors of fast improvement of export structure and problems and conflicts of export structural changes etc . author also rationally considers several relations in export structure and draws the basic conclusion after analyzing and researching : ( 1 ) china has become a big country of international trade but not a powerful country and there is still a long way to catch up with other powerful countries of international trade . ( 2 ) chinese export structure has been in a important adjusting moment in which the direction of chinese export trade development is to preserve the current dimension of non - professional labor - dense products as well as put the main point of further extension on capital - dense , technology - dense and knowledge - dense products . ( 3 ) to realize the upgrade of export structure in china , we must emphasize on orientation of competitive advantage , and convert potential comparative advantage into practical competitive one 通过分析和研究得出的基本结论是： ( 1 )中国已发展成为世界贸易大国，但是还算不上世界贸易强国，与世界贸易强国相比，尚有很大差距，要成为世界贸易强国，还有很长的路要走； ( 2 )中国出口商品结构已进入到一个大调整阶段，今后中国商品出口贸易的发展方向应该是在保持非熟练劳动密集型产品出口已有规模的同时，将商品出口贸易进一步扩张的着眼点置于资本、技术与知识密集型产品上； ( 3 )要实现中国出口商品结构的升级，必须以竞争优势为导向，将潜在的比较优势转化为现实的竞争优势。
The expansion of total volume of foreign trade and the improvement of export mix and the change of trade patterns in china benefit mainly from enterprises with fdi . in turn , the global and domestic distribution of foreign trade is related with the sources and allocation of fdi . fdi benefits the improvement of international competitiveness of our exports , income and double - factorial terms of trade , and contributes a lot to cover funds shortages and increase foreign exchange reserves 中国外贸的总量扩张、出口商品结构的改善和我国贸易方式的变化主要得益于外商直接投资企业，而中国外贸的全球区域和国内地区分布又与外商直接投资来源与投向密切浙江大学学位论文fdi流入与外贸扩张相关;外商直接投资的外贸增长效应的变化，缘于1992年后外商直接投资的动机的改变;引进外商直接投资不仅有利于我国贸易品国际竞争力的提高，收入和双要素外贸条件的改善，而且它在弥补资金不足、增加外汇储备方面也作出了相当大的贡献。
It is posited that china has followed the path of labour - intensive , export - oriented industrialization on the basis of endowment - determined international comparative advantage , which is in turn posited to be manifestation of the " natural development " . the problem with this view , however , is that it begs the question as to why such a presumably easy process has not occurred in the wider developing world 而仔细观察改革开放以来中国外贸发展的实际情况，特别是出口商品结构的变化就会发现，中国的外贸出口并非依照主流系统所认定的那样符合所谓禀赋国际比较优势，即劳动密集产品所主导，而且，西方主流系统对所谓“中国模式”的解释也是值得怀疑的。
Based on the endogenous growth theory , this paper views technologica 1 progress as an endogenous variable in the comparative advantage model , and therefore s ets up a more systematic comparative advantage theory to the extent of investment , divisi on of labor and institution . third , it has analyzed the trade structures based on different c omparative advantage strategy , made an empirica l study of china ' s foreign trade structure , and concluded that although china ' s export structure at present is characterized by capita l - technology intensive goods , these goods have the comparative disadvantages from now to the near future in china , which means that trade structure transformation in less develo ped countries should be based on endogenous comparative advantages . finally , it has disc ussed the strategy and paths of china ' s transformation of foreign trade structure 本文借鉴内生经济增长理论的逻辑思路，将技术进步在比较优势模型中内生地决定，分别从投资、分工与制度三个层面建立了较为系统的内生比较优势理论；再次，对其于不同比较优势理论的贸易结构进行了剖析，对中国外贸结构进行了实证分析，认为尽管中国现在出口商品结构是以资本技术密集型产品为主，但中国在目前乃至将来的一定时期内的资本及技术密集型产品上仍将处于比较劣势，发展中国家贸易结构的转换必须基于内生比较优势；最后，探讨了中国对外贸易结构转换战略与路径。
Benefits are : it is advantageous to develop market economy ; attracting the foreign capital to us is beneficial , and which will fabricate the place to lack ; it is beneficial for us to absorb advanced technique and equipment , and this will renew the understanding technique ; it is beneficial to for us to study the advanced management experience , and this will train management talent ; it is beneficial to promote the construction of export goods and adjust the construction of the industry ; it is beneficial for our nation big company to promote the ability of competition ; it is beneficial to basis government behavior and change government responsibility which are particularly important 有利的是：有利于市场经济的发展；有利于我们吸引外资，弥补国内建设资金不足；有利于我们吸引先进的技术和设备，实现技术的更新和飞跃；有利于我们学习先进的管理经验，培养高素质的管理人才；有利于促进出口商品结构优化和产业结构的调整升级；有利于我国大型公司提高国际竞争力；尤其重要的是，有利于规范政府行为，转变政府职能。因此，我们要充分利用这一机遇，加快发展我国的生产力。
