The degrees of crystallinity of pure ptfe under the different conditions of water cooling , air cooling and furnace - varying cooling were made comparison by xrd . the thermal stability of pure ptfe and solid lubricant was analyzed by dsc - tg ; the composition and valence state of elements in the surface of carbon fiber , solid lubricant before and after friction test and lubricant transfer film were characterized by xps ; the frictional property of solid lubricant was tested by pin and disk test rig . the frictional wear property of solid lubricant between embedded bearing sleeve and steel axle friction pair ring was tested by special simulate test machine , the hardness of solid lubricant was tested by pm ; the compression strength of solid lubricant was tested by material test machine 用sem表征原料微观结构、摩擦表面及润滑转移膜表面形貌：用xrd进行原料物相分析，及比较水冷却、空气冷却、随炉冷却三种工艺条件下的纯聚四氟乙烯树脂的结晶度；用dsc - tg分析纯聚四氟乙烯树脂及固体润滑剂的热稳定性；用xps表征碳纤维表面、固体润滑剂摩擦前后表面、润滑转移膜表面的元素组成、价态变化；用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对固体润滑剂进行摩擦性能测试；采用专用的台架模拟试验机对固体润滑剂镶嵌轴承套与钢轴摩擦副间的摩擦磨损性能进行测定；用莱次偏光显微镜( pm )测试固体润滑剂的硬度；用材料试验机测试固体润滑剂的抗压强度等。
The thickness had some influence on the development of the banded spherulites : when the thickness reduced to some degree , pcl would develop chrysanthemum - like spherulites , which had no extinction rings or the maltese cross pattern under the crossed polarized optical microscopy . the results of the phase - contrast microscopy showed that growth speed of the chrysanthemum - like spherulites along the radius was not constant 发现薄膜厚度对球晶的生长有一定的影响，当共混物膜薄到一定程度时， pcl不能形成环带球晶，而是形成一种类似菊花状的晶体，在偏光显微镜下看不到环带，也没有典型球晶所特有的maltese十字消光图案。
There are many methods to investigate domains , such as polarization microscopy , scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy , scanning electron acoustic microscopy and so on . however , these methods suffer from some serious disadvantages involving complex sample preparation , damage to sample , low resolution 现有的铁电畴检测手段，如偏光显微镜、粉末花样技术、扫描电镜、透射电镜、扫描电子声显微镜等存在这样或那样的缺点：诸如制样繁琐、易破坏原始畴结构、或畴结构成像分辨率还不够高等。
Polarization microscope had observed that the size of sphere crystal of pp after adding organic rigid particles became smaller , the excellent compatibility of interphase between matrix and organic rigid particles in composite has been proved , and the organic rigid particles were drew out into cavities from matrix in the photograph of the impact breaking section by sem . the reason of enhanced toughness of the composite is that the material absorbed amount of energy at forming cavities , which is the mechanism of the pp composite toughened with the organic rigid particles 偏光显微镜显示加入有机刚性粒子可使pp的球晶尺寸减小， sem观察到复合材料中基体材料和刚性粒子的界面相容性较好，在冲击破坏的材料断面上，刚性粒子明显被拔出形成“空穴” ，这些微小空穴较易产生而吸收能量，从而提高了材料的断裂韧性，这是刚性粒子复合聚丙烯的增韧机理。
The resulting polymers were characterized by " h - nmr , ir , dsc , pom , gel permention chromatography ( gpc ) . the relations between structures and properties were studied systemtically . the influences of the lateral rod content on the polymers " solubility and the stability of liquid crystalline states and chemical structures were discussed in detail 经过凝胶色谱( gpc ) 、偏光显微镜( pom ) 、差示扫描量热( dsc ) 、 ~ 1h - nmr和ir对聚合物的化学结构和液晶性进行了表征，系统研究了聚合物结构和性质之间的关系。
This has an important meaning to the industrial manufacture . dsc , waxd and polarizing microscope with hot stage experiments were performed to describe what led the ssp rate acceleration of pet / mmt . it was shown that montmorillonite acted as a very good nucleating agent in pet crystallization process , which results in the lower crystallinity , more small microlites , and more surfaces of microlites 为研究pet mmt固相缩聚效率提高的原因，通过热台偏光显微镜、 dsc 、 x -射线衍射等手段对样品的结晶进行观察与分析研究，结果表明蒙脱土对pet的结晶有明显的成核作用，使其晶核生成速率迅速提高，晶核数量明显增多，从而使整个结晶过程的时间变短，同时形成了更多结构不完善的微晶体。
