We apply this material to policy debates including minimum wage regulations , food stamp provision , trade protection , educational credentials , health insurance markets , and internet shopping 我们会将这份资料应用在政策上的议题，包括了最低工资的规定、食物券的供应、保护贸易制度、教育的国书、健康保险市场以及网路购物。
Whether bilateral and multilateral agreements or foreign trade arrangements and policies a nation constitutes relate directly to the share of gains from trade . all kinds of trade barrier are just means to participate in the distribution of gains from trade 不论是国际上有关贸易的双边和多边协议，还是各个国家在对外贸易方面做出的安排和政策，所直接涉及的都是贸易利益的分配，各种保护贸易壁垒措施，不过是有关各方参与贸易利益分配的手段而已。
Under the above situation , the green barriers become one of the main non - tariff trade barriers . in chapter ii the author tries to explain that , because of the limitation of our economy , technology and scientific development , china will suffer more negative influences by the green barriers . so for the chinese enterprises have to breakthrough the green barriers and promote their competition in the international market 绿色壁垒是贸易技术壁垒的一种，是指进口国政府以保护生态环境为由，以限制进口，保护贸易为目的，通过颁布复杂多样的环保法规、条例，建立严格的环保技术标准和产品包装要求，建立繁琐的检验、认证和审批程序，实施环境标志制度以及课征环境进口税等方式对进口产品设置的贸易障碍。
Chairman , china first participated in the uruguay round negotiations in september 1986 and witnessed the historical transformation of the multilateral trading system from the gatt to the wto . meanwhile , china s negotiations for the accession to the multilateral trading system over the past 15 years have been an integral part of the process of its reform and opening up from the beginning to the end 自一九四七年关贸总协定成立以来，由于进口关税一再降低，各缔约方转向求助各种非关税壁垒来达到保护贸易的目的，据估计，当今世界各国的非关税措施已从六十年代的八百种增加到目前的二千多种，一九四七年关贸总协定的谈判也主要从关税措施转移到非关税措施。
In all these above - mentioned analysis economic analyses are used for reference and their logic jumping - off point is the concept of " utility " . but from the view of some other legal concepts like " right " , " authority " and so on there is still another road to carry through this analysis just as professor mc 这些分析方法大多借鉴经济理论，并以“效用”为逻辑分析起点，然而从“权利”等法律概念入手，还存在着另外一种分析路径，即本文提出的麦克基教授分析保护贸易的法理思路。
